| Olsen et al,26 1985 |
2% Topical minoxidil; 3% topical minoxidil; placebo or vehicle for 4 mo and crossed over to 3% topical minoxidil |
1 mL twice daily for 12 mo; vehicle consisted of a mixture of propylene glycol, 95% alcohol, and water |
| Olsen et al,27 1986 |
0.01% Topical minoxidil; 0.1% topical minoxidil; 1% topical minoxidil; 2% topical minoxidil; placebo or vehicle |
1 mL twice daily for 6 mo |
| Civatte et al,25 1987 |
2% Topical minoxidil in the excipient placebo; placebo (composition: solution of alcohol, propylene glycol, and the remainder water) |
1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks; 1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks; from week 24 to week 48, all patients received active treatment |
| Koperski et al,46 1987 |
2% Topical minoxidil for 12 mo followed by 3% topical minoxidil for the remainder of the study; 3% topical minoxidil for the whole duration of the study; placebo for 4 mo followed by 3% topical minoxidil for the remainder of the study |
1 mL twice daily for 30 mo; placebo composed of 10% propylene glycol, 20% water, and 70% ethyl alcohol |
| Shupack et al,34 1987 |
2% Topical minoxidil; 1% topical minoxidil; 0.1% topical minoxidil; placebo |
1 mL twice daily for 6 mo |
| Anderson,24 1988 |
2% Topical minoxidil in the excipient placebo; placebo (composition: solution of alcohol [63%], propylene glycol [20%], and the remainder water) |
1 mL twice daily (morning and evening with an approximately 12-h gap) for 24 wk; 1 mL twice daily (morning and evening with an approximately 12-h gap) for 24 wk |
| Dutrée-Meulenberg et al,36 1988 |
2% Topical minoxidil (in the excipient placebo; placebo (composition: solution of alcohol, propylene glycol, and the remainder water) |
1 mL twice daily (morning and evening with an approximately 12-h gap) for 24 wk |
| Petzoldt,29 1988 |
2% Topical minoxidil; placebo excipient (propylene glycol, alcohol, and water) |
1 mL twice daily (morning and evening at approximately 12-h intervals) for 24 wk |
| Rushton et al,31 1989 |
2% Topical minoxidil; placebo |
2.0 cm3 applied twice daily for 6 mo |
| Kaufman et al,45 1998 |
1 mg of oral finasteride; placebo |
After screening, patients entered a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in; then patients received a study shampoo for standardization of shampoo used and for prophylaxis of seborrheic dermatitis; patients were then randomized to once-daily finasteride or placebo for 1 y; extension study for another year (different randomization) |
| Leyden et al,47 1999 |
1 mg of oral finasteride; placebo |
Once daily for 12 mo |
| Roberts et al,30 1999 |
5 mg of oral finasteride; 1 mg of oral finasteride; 0.2 mg of oral finasteride; 0.01 mg of oral finasteride; placebo |
First clinical study evaluated finasteride; 5 mg/d vs placebo for 12 mo; second clinical trial evaluated the effects of 1, 0.2, and 0.01 mg/d of finasteride vs placebo for 6 mo; men completing the second trial were eligible to enter extension study without placebo for another 6 mo; patients receiving placebo were crossed over to the other 3 groups |
| Van Neste et al,38 2000 |
1 mg of oral finasteride; placebo |
Patients completed a 2-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period; after randomization, patients received daily for 48 wk |
| Olsen et al,28 2002 |
5% Topical minoxidil; 2% topical minoxidil; placebo (vehicle for 5% solution) |
1 mL twice daily at approximately 12-h intervals for 48 wk |
| Saraswat and Kumar,32 2003 |
1 mg of oral finasteride; 2% topical minoxidil |
Daily for 12 mo; some continued treatment for another year; 1 mL twice daily for 12 mo; some continued treatment for another year |
| Hajheydari et al,42 2009 |
1% Topical finasteride gel and placebo tablet; 1 mg of oral finasteride tablets and gel base placebo |
Gel was to be used twice daily for 6 mo; tablet was once daily for 6 mo |
| Tsuboi et al,37 2009 |
5% Topical minoxidil; 1% topical minoxidil |
1 mL twice daily for 24 wk |
| Eun et al,41 2010 |
0.5 mg of oral dutasteride; placebo |
Daily for 6 mo |
| Gubelin Harcha et al,43 2014 |
0.02 mg of oral dutasteride; 0.1 mg of oral dutasteride; 0.5 mg of oral dutasteride; 1 mg of oral finasteride; placebo |
Daily for 24 wk |
| Shanshawal et al,33 2017 |
0.5 mg of oral dutasteride; 1 mg of oral finasteride |
Daily for 24 wk |
| Suchonwanit et al,35 2018 |
Finasteride (topical) 0.25% plus 3% topical minoxidil (propylene glycol, ethanol, and water base); 3% topical minoxidil |
1 mL twice daily for 24 wk |
| Panchaprateep and Lueangarun,40 2020 |
5 mg of oral minoxidil |
Daily every morning for 24 wk |
| Pirmez and Salas-Callo,39 2020 |
0.25 mg of oral minoxidil |
Daily for 24 wk |
