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. 2022 Feb 3;51(4):708–723. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01567-0

Table 3.

Parameter estimates, adjusted least squares means, standard errors, p values, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for the outcome analyses at posttest

Intervention Control
Outcome b SE M SE M SE P d
Media Perceived realism of media messages −0.15 0.07 2.00 0.04 2.15 0.05 0.02 0.23
Skepticism of media messages 0.13 0.09 2.99 0.06 2.86 0.07 0.16
Media message deconstruction skills 1.28 0.65 4.66 0.45 3.38 0.46 0.05 0.17
Cognitive elaboration of a media message 0.12 0.07 1.97 0.04 1.85 0.05 0.07
Counterarguing of a media message 0.12 0.08 2.01 0.05 1.89 0.06 0.15
Perceived completeness of a media message −0.07 0.11 2.10 0.06 2.17 0.09 0.53
Perceived credibility of a media message −0.08 0.07 2.04 0.04 2.12 0.05 0.23
Sexual Health Acceptance of strict gender role stereotypes −0.02 0.06 1.51 0.03 1.54 0.04 0.70
Acceptance of dating violence −0.07 0.06 1.41 0.04 1.48 0.05 0.27
Acceptance of rape myths 0.01 0.05 1.36 0.03 1.35 0.04 0.91
Efficacy for bystander intervention 1.41 1.95 74.90 1.13 73.49 1.52 0.47
Intent for bystander intervention 0.02 0.08 3.05 0.05 3.03 0.06 0.80
Sexual health knowledge 0.50 0.20 11.24 0.12 10.74 0.16 0.01 0.26
Teen sex descriptive norms −4.61 2.60 33.59 1.54 38.20 2.00 0.08
Risky teen sex descriptive norms −5.23 2.74 31.47 1.59 36.70 2.11 0.05 0.19
Intent to have sex 0.19 0.10 2.01 0.06 1.81 0.08 0.06
Willingness to hook up with bfriend/gfriend 0.06 0.07 1.95 0.04 1.89 0.06 0.41
Willingness to have sex with bfriend/gfriend −0.03 0.09 2.25 0.05 2.29 0.07 0.70
Willingness for unprotected sex with bfriend/gfriend −0.02 0.09 1.62 0.06 1.64 0.07 0.84
Contraception/protection descriptive norms −3.21 2.66 51.28 1.61 54.50 2.08 0.23
Efficacy for using contraception/protection 0.03 0.09 3.03 0.05 3.00 0.07 0.76
Intent to use condom for vaginal or anal sex 0.03 0.13 3.39 0.08 3.36 0.10 0.82
Intent to use other birth control for vaginal sex 0.12 0.14 2.89 0.08 2.78 0.10 0.42
Intent to use protection for oral sex 0.18 0.14 2.90 0.08 2.72 0.11 0.13
Communication Sexual health communication descriptive norms 2.71 2.54 39.35 1.49 36.64 1.94 0.29
Efficacy to communicate about sexual health 0.08 0.10 2.87 0.07 2.79 0.07 0.44
Efficacy to negotiate contraception/protection use 0.06 0.10 3.20 0.06 3.14 0.08 0.55
Intent to communicate about sexual health 0.07 0.10 2.73 0.07 2.66 0.07 0.47
Sexual health communication with parent 0.20 0.12 2.11 0.07 1.91 0.10 0.10
Sexual health communication with bfriend/gfriend 0.16 0.12 2.00 0.07 1.84 0.09 0.18
Sexual health communication with med professional 0.00 0.12 1.98 0.07 1.99 0.09 0.97

Positive effect sizes reflect differences in the expected direction.