Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of the stepwise engineering strategies applied to control the multivalent binding behaviors of various peptides with G7 PAMAM dendrimers: a) hyperbranched PAMAM dendrimers were employed to increase local peptide density; b) PEG spacers were introduced to spatially segregate the peptides from the dendrimer and to increase the conformational freedom of the peptides; c) multiple peptide sequences that bind to different sites within a single protein were coimmobilized to the dendrimer‐PEG surfaces to enhance the target binding; d) two different HMA surfaces, a mixture of DPCs each containing different peptides (HoMA) and DPCs cofunctionalized with multiple peptides (HeMA), were tested to investigate the effect of the peptide arrangement on their hetero‐multivalent binding behaviors; e) PEG linkers were introduced to hetero‐HMAs to explore whether the use of spacer molecules on HMA synergize the multivalent binding effect.