Table 2.
Association of different variables with odds of pathogen growth of blood culture, expressed as odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]
| Variable | Categories | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | Adults | 1 | 1 |
| Children 5–15 years |
1.60* [1.03–2.48] |
2.13** [1.30–3.50] |
|
| Children < 5 years |
0.85 [0.57–1.27] |
1.14 [0.72–1.81] |
|
| Neonates (≤ 28 days) |
2.61*** [1.70–4.03] |
2.57*** [1.51–4.39] |
|
| Sex | Female | 1 | 1 |
| Male |
1.01 [0.80–1.28] |
1.12 [0.86–1.44] |
|
| Prior antibiotic treatment | No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes |
1.16 [0.90–1.49] |
1.08 [0.79–1.48] |
|
| Healthcare-associated infection | No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes |
1.92*** [1.42–2.69] |
1.52* [1.01–2.87] |
|
| Thick blood film (malaria diagnosis)† | Negative | 1 | – |
| Positive |
0.59** [0.45–0.77] |
– | |
| Hospital | Boko | 1 | 1 |
| CHUD Parakou |
1.90*** [1.43–2.53] |
2.04** [1.28–3.26] |
|
| Blood volume cultured | Per extra mL‡ |
1.01 [0.98–1.04] |
– |
Statistical significance is indicated as follows: *p-value 0.01–0.05; **p-value 0.001–0.01; ***p-value < 0.001
CHUD Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Departemental
†Due to high amount of missing data from CHUD Parakou hospital, thick blood film results for this hospital were not included in multivariable analyses
‡The odds ratio expresses the relative increase/decrease in odds of pathogen growth per unit increase in blood volume (unit = 1 mL)