Campbell 1994 arm a.
| Methods | Randomised placebo‐controlled trial | |
| Participants | Participants: 65, cocaine dependents (DSM‐III‐R); mean age 32 years (range 20 to 60); 63% male; 90% black; 16 also had current diagnosis of alcohol dependence, 11 major depression, 2 generalized anxiety disorder and 16 antisocial personality disorder Reporting cocaine use: 100% Route of administration not reported Inclusion criteria: cocaine dependence according to DSM‐III criteria Exclusion criteria: patients with psychosis or major medical disorders |
|
| Interventions | (1) carbamazepine (n = 19), dose unknown;
(2) placebo (n = 25)
Outpatient Duration: 6 months Country of origin: USA |
|
| Outcomes | Dropout; Use of cocaine | |
| Notes | Source of funding and conflict of interest: not reported | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "subjects were randomly assigned to desipramine, carbamazepine or placebo according to a computer generated list of random numbers" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Information not reported |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) objective outcomes | Low risk | Study declared as double‐blind Quote: "the study physician was blind to medication status" |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) subjective outcomes | Low risk | Study declared as double‐blind Quote: "the study physician was blind to medication status" |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) objective outcomes | Low risk | Study declared as double‐blind Quote: "the study physician was blind to medication status" |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) subjective outcomes | Low risk | Study declared as double‐blind Quote: "the study physician was blind to medication status" |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No withdrawals from the study |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Study protocol is not available. Study report declares no significant differences in retention in treatment but does not report data |