White 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	Title: Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes acronym of trial: EXAMINE study design: Interventional, randomised, parallel assignment, quadruple masking (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor) total duration of study: intervention group: 533 (280‐751) days, comparison group: 520 (273‐744) days. number of study centres and location: 898 centres in 49 countries date of study: from September 2009 through June 2013
Participants	Cardiovascular disease categories: Eligible patients had an acute coronary syndrome within 15 to 90 days before randomisation. i) intervention: ASCVD: 2701 (100%), HF: 757 (28.0%) ii) comparison: ASCVD: 2679 (100%), HF: 744 (27.8%) N randomised: i) intervention: 2701, ii) comparison: 2679 N lost to follow‐up/withdrawn: i) intervention: 9, ii) comparison: 16 N analysed: i) intervention: 2701, ii) comparison: 2679 mean age, age range: i) intervention: 61, ii) comparison: 61 gender (female): i) intervention: 873 (32.3%), ii) comparison: 856 (32.0%) body mass index (BMI): i) intervention: 28.7 (15.7‐55.9), ii) comparison: 28.7 (15.6‐68.3) diabetes mellitus (DM): (100%) chronic kidney disease (CKD): i) intervention: eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ：772 (28.6%), ii) comparison: eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ：793 (29.6%) baseline diabetes condition including HbA1c: i) intervention: 8.0 ± 1.1 %, ii) comparison: 8.0 ± 1.1 %
Interventions	Intervention: alogliptin (25 mg in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), calculated with the use of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, of at least 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 of body‐surface area; 12.5 mg in patients with an estimated GFR of 30 to less than 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2; and 6.25 mg in patients with an estimated GFR of less than 30 mL per minute per 1.73 m2); DPP4i Comparison: placebo (these were each given in addition to standard‐of‐care treatment) Type of active treatment for DM: i) Insulin 793 (29.4%), Metformin 1757 (65%), SU 1266 (46.9%), TZD 67 (2.5%) ii) Insulin 812 (30.3%), Metformin 1805 (67.4%), SU 1237 (46.2%), TZD 64 (2.4%) concomitant medications: i) Antiplatelet agents: 2630 (97.4%), BB: 2208 (81.7%), CCB; 586 (21.7%), Diuretics: 1005 (37.2%), ACEi/ARB: 2201 (81.5%) ii) Antiplatelet agents: 2602 (97.1%), BB: 2203 (82.2%), CCB; 611 (22.8%), Diuretics: 1009 (37.7%), ACEi/ARB: 2210 (82.5%)
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: The primary endpoint was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, non‐fatal MI, or non‐fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes: The principal secondary safety endpoint was the primary composite endpoint with the addition of urgent revascularization due to unstable angina within 24 hours after hospital admission
Notes	Funding for trial: Funded by Takeda Development Center Americas NCT00968708
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	”Patients were randomised using an interactive voice response system (IVRS).”
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	”Patients were randomised using an interactive voice response system (IVRS).”
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Method of blinding outcomes was not described clearly.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data were unlikely to have an impact on the results of the trial. Drop‐out rate was not high (lower than 20%).
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Exploratory endpoints o Stent thrombosis. o Hospitalisation for other CV causes. o Lower extremity amputation. Other safety endpoints  Electrocardiograms (ECGs).  Vital sign measurements (blood pressure and heart rate). were not reported in original article.
Other bias	Low risk	There were no other biases.