Table 2.

Studies reporting long-term mental health outcomes

Authors and date	Age group	Setting	Time frame	Symptoms (long), if any	Control group	Number of participants	SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmation
Li et al., January 19th, 2021 [39]	Adolescents	Junior and senior high schools in Wuhan	Cross-sectional (March 30th to April 7th, 2020)	Anxiety and depression	None	7890	Not reported
Xie et al., September 1st, 2020 [40]	Students grades 2–6	2 primary schools in the Hubei province	Cross-sectional (February 28th to March 5th, 2020)	Anxiety and depression	None	1780	Not reported
Cheah et al., November 1st, 2020 [26]	Parents, and children aged 10–18 y	Households in the U.S. that self-identified as Chinese	Retrospective cohort (March 14th to May 31st, 2020)	Higher levels of perceived racial discrimination were associated with poorer mental health	None	773	Not reported
Gassman-Pines et al., October 1st, 2020 [24]	Parents of a child or children aged 2–7 y	Large U.S. city	Prospective cohort (February 20th to April 27th, 2020)	Increase in parental reporting of daily negative moods	None	645	Not reported
Luijten et al., November 4th, 2020 [28]	Children and adolescents aged 8–18 y	Two Dutch representative samples of children and adolescents in the Netherlands	Cross-sectional Before COVID-19 (December 2017-July 2018) and during the COVID-19 lockdown (April/May 2020)	Significantly worse PROMIS T-scores on all domains Depressive symptoms, severe anxiety, and mental and health complaints	None	884	Not reported
Alves et al., October 23rd, 2020 [21]	Children aged 9–15 y	Virtual visits during “stay-at-home" measures in the U.S.	April 22nd to July 29th, 2020	Anxiety scores more than 5 standard deviations greater than values from healthy pediatric populations prior to the pandemic	None	65	Not reported

COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System