Table 2.
Bivariable Logistic Regression Analyses of Factors Associated With Accurate Knowledge (vs. Inaccurate Knowledge) of the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (n = 1,258) in Vancouver, British Columbia, June 2018 to November 2018.
| Accurate knowledge (n, %) | Estimated protectionsa (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Yes (n = 358, 28.5%) | No (n = 900, 71.5%) | Odds ratio [95% CI] | p | Under (n = 468, 37.2%) | Over (n = 410, 32.6%) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 47 (34–55) | 44 (32–56) | — | 49 (39–56) | 41 (29–53) | |
| Per year older | — | — | 0.99 [0.98, 1.00] | .24 | ||
| White (vs. non-White) | 163 (45.5) | 403 (44.8) | 1.02 [0.80, 1.30] | .88 | 210 (44.9) | 183 (44.6) |
| Non-White | 194 (54.2) | 489 (54.3) | Reference | — | 256 (54.7) | 221 (53.9) |
| Male (vs. non-male) | 199 (55.6) | 561 (62.3) | 0.76 [0.59, 0.97] | .03 | 312 (66.7) | 233 (56.8) |
| Non-male | 154 (43.0) | 324 (36.0) | Reference | — | 149 (31.8) | 170 (41.5) |
| <Secondary school education | 189 (53.7) | 453 (51.5) | 1.09 [0.85, 1.40] | .49 | 249 (53.2) | 197 (48.0) |
| >Secondary school | 163 (45.5) | 426 (47.3) | Reference | — | 210 (44.9) | 202 (49.3) |
| DTES residencyb | 219 (61.2) | 490 (54.4) | 1.32 [1.03, 1.69] | .03 | 254 (54.3) | 225 (54.9) |
| Not living in DTES | 139 (38.8) | 410 (45.6) | Reference | — | 214 (45.7) | 185 (45.1) |
| Place of residenceb: | ||||||
| Homeless | 75 (21.0) | 169 (18.8) | 1.16 [0.84, 1.62] | .37 | 57 (12.2) | 76 (18.5) |
| Single room occupancy | 134 (37.4) | 340 (37.8) | 1.03 [0.79, 1.36] | .81 | 204 (43.6) | 159 (38.8) |
| Other (e.g., apartment, house, no fixed address) | 149 (41.6) | 391 (43.4) | Reference | — | 207 (44.2) | 174 (42.4) |
| Engaged in addiction treatmentb | 229 (64.0) | 559 (62.2) | 1.08 [0.84, 1.39] | .56 | 295 (63.0) | 252 (61.5) |
| Not engaged in addiction treatment | 129 (36.0) | 340 (37.8) | Reference | — | 174 (37.2) | 158 (38.5) |
| Unable to access addiction treatmentb | 9 (2.5) | 23 (2.6) | 0.98 [0.43, 2.07] | .96 | 12 (2.6) | 11 (2.7) |
| Able to access addiction treatment | 349 (97.5) | 876 (97.3) | Reference | — | 455 (97.2) | 399 (97.3) |
| Ever been incarcerated | 290 (81.0) | 761 (84.6) | 0.78 [0.57, 1.08] | .13 | 412 (88.0) | 330 (80.5) |
| Never been incarcerated | 68 (19.0) | 139 (15.4) | Reference | — | 56 (12.0) | 80 (19.5) |
| Ever had a negative police encounterc | 182 (51.0) | 537 (59.7) | 0.70 [0.55, 0.90] | .01 | 306 (65.4) | 220 (53.7) |
| Never had a negative police encounter | 175 (48.9) | 363 (40.3) | Reference | — | 162 (34.6) | 190 (46.3) |
| Currently own THN kitb | 244 (72.8) | 591 (67.7) | 1.28 [0.97, 1.70] | .08 | 302 (64.5) | 274 (66.8) |
| Does not currently own THN kit | 91 (25.4) | 282 (31.3) | Reference | — | 158 (33.8) | 118 (28.8) |
| Witnessed an overdoseb | 212 (59.2) | 503 (56.0) | 1.14 [0.89, 1.47] | .29 | 265 (56.6) | 224 (54.6) |
| Have not witnessed an overdose | 146 (40.8) | 396 (44.0) | Reference | — | 202 (43.2) | 186 (45.4) |
| Experienced an overdoseb | 36 (10.1) | 107 (11.9) | 0.83 [0.55, 1.23] | .36 | 45 (9.6) | 61 (14.9) |
| Have not experienced an overdose | 321 (89.7) | 793 (88.1) | Reference | — | 423 (90.4) | 349 (85.1) |
| Involved in drug dealingb | 64 (17.9) | 116 (12.9) | 1.47 [1.05, 2.04] | .03 | 68 (14.5) | 45 (11.0) |
| Not involved in drug dealing | 294 (82.1) | 781 (86.8) | Reference | — | 398 (85.0) | 364 (88.8) |
| ≥Daily injection drug useb | 118 (33.0) | 293 (32.6) | 1.13 [0.88, 1.46] | .89 | 156 (33.3) | 280 (68.3) |
| <Daily use | 240 (67.0) | 607 (67.4) | Reference | 312 (66.7) | 177 (43.2) | |
| ≥Daily heroin used | 174 (48.6) | 395 (43.9) | 1.21 [0.95, 1.55] | .13 | 212 (45.3) | 233 (56.8) |
| <Daily use | 184 (51.4) | 505 (56.1) | Reference | 256 (54.7) | 105 (25.6) | |
| ≥Daily stimulants, defined as powder or crack cocaine or crystal methamphetamined | 103 (28.8) | 239 (26.6) | 1.11 [0.85, 1.46] | .43 | 125 (26.7) | 305 (74.4) |
| <Daily use | 255 (71.2) | 661 (73.4) | Reference | — | 343 (73.3) | 219 (53.4) |
| ≥Daily cannabis use | 207 (57.8) | 491 (54.6) | 1.14 [0.89, 1.46] | .29 | 259 (55.3) | 191 (46.6) |
| <Daily use | 151 (42.2) | 409 (45.4) | Reference | 209 (44.7) | 45 (11.0) | |
Note. IQR = interquartile range; DTES = Downtown Eastside neighborhood of Vancouver; THN = take home naloxone.
a
Denotes whether participants under- or overestimated the protections provided by the GSA.
b
Denotes behaviors and events in the past 6 months.
c
Police encounter refers to being stopped, searched or detained by the police.
d
Injection or noninjection drug use.