Table 3.
Association between baseline DASH Food Group Components and Cognitive Performance on the CASI
| Exam 5 CASI Score (SE) | Exam 6 CASI Score (SE) | CASI Change (SE) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dash Component Quintiles | Dash Component Quintiles | Dash Component Quintiles | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p value | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p value | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p value | |
| Food Group | Higher quintiles indicate greater DASH adherence | Higher quintiles indicate greater DASH adherence | Higher quintiles indicate greater DASH adherence | |||||||||||||||
| Fruit | 84.02 (0.60) | 83.89 (0.60) | 83.81 (0.61) | 83.35 (0.62) | 83.97 (0.61) | 0.29 | 82.44 (1.24) | 82.04 (1.26) | 82.00 (1.28) | 82.28 (1.27) | 81.93 (1.27) | 0.84 | −0.25 (0.16) | −0.24 (0.16) | 0.23 (0.16) | −0.17 (0.16) | −0.26 (0.16) | 0.63 |
| Vegetables | 83.56 (0.62) | 83.67 (0.61) | 84.18 (0.60) | 84.04 (0.61) | 83.77 (0.62) | 0.37 | 81.87 (1.25) | 82.55 (1.26) | 82.04 (1.25) | 83.10 (1.26) | 82.11 (1.26) | 0.09 | −0.26 (0.16) | −0.13 (0.16) | −0.28 (0.16) | −0.17 (0.16) | −0.24 (0.16) | 0.11 |
| Whole Grains | 83.59 (0.60) | 83.73 (0.60) | 83.87 (0.61) | 84.16 (0.61) | 84.35 (0.62) | 0.24 | 82.22 (1.26) | 82.31 (1.25) | 81.71 (1.28) | 81.98 (1.26) | 82.28 (1.26) | 0.71 | −0.19 (0.16) | −0.22 (0.16) | −0.29 (0.16) | −0.28 (0.16) | −0.29 (0.16) | 0.43 |
| Nuts/Legumes | 83.14 (0.61) | 83.64 (0.60) | 83.75 (0.61) | 84.53 (0.61) | 84.22 (0.61) | 0.003 | 81.29 (126) | 82.18 (125) | 82.17 (125) | 82.36 (125) | 83.40 (1.27) | 0.007 | −0.22 (0.16) | −0.27 (0.16) | −0.23 (0.16) | −0.26 (0.16) | −0.17 (0.16) | 0.57 |
| Low-fat Dairy | 83.84 (0.62) | 83.66 (0.61) | 83.75 (0.61) | 84.21 (0.60) | 83.82 (0.62) | 0.56 | 81.87 (1.26) | 81.82 (1.26) | 82.35 (1.26) | 82.62 (1.25) | 82.60 (1.27) | 0.38 | −0.25 (0.16) | −0.27 (0.16) | −0.23 (0.16) | 0.22 (0.16) | −0.19 (0.16) | 0.79 |
| Meats | 84.11 (0.62) | 84.28 (0.61) | 83.84 (0.60) | 83.46 (0.62) | 83.21 (0.63) | 0.04 | 82.66 |(126) | 82.69 (125) | 82.70 (125) | 81.97 (1.27) | 80.99 (126) | 0.006 | −0.22 (0.16) | −0.20 (0.16) | −0.19 (0.16) | −0.30 (0.16) | −0.30 (0.16) | 0.30 |
| Sweetened Beverages | 83.62 (0.62) | 84.08 (0.62) | 83.88 (0.61) | 84.62 (0.70) | 83.75 (0.58) | 0.28 | 81.56 (1.28) | 81.87 (1.26) | 82.39 (1.24) | 82.76 (1.35) | 82.38 (1.24) | 0.34 | −0.29 (0.16) | −0.25 (0.16) | −0.23 (0.16) | −0.28 (0.17) | −0.21 (0.16) | 0.79 |
| Sodium | 84.30 (0.67) | 84.12 (0.61) | 84.35 (0.61) | 83.12 (0.62) | 83.23 (0.65) | 0.007 | 82.50 (1.32) | 81.78 (1.27) | 82.79 (1.25) | 81.72 (1.28) | 81.95 (1.29) | 0.14 | −0.32 (0.17) | −0.27 (0.16) | −0.20 (0.16) | −0.19 (0.16) | −0.18 (0.17) | 0.68 |
Abbreviations: CASI, Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; SE, standard error.
Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, income level, APOE ε4 carrier status, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, depressive symptoms, physical activity, energy intake, diabetes, diabetes medications, SPB, DPB, antihypertensive medications, stroke history, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol