APPENDIX A.
Stimulus properties and matching by overlap condition (means and standard deviations). None of the conditions differed significantly from any other (all ps > 0.10). See Supplementary Materials for further item-specific details.
| Variable | Frame + Segment | Frame-only | Segment-only | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
|
| ||||||
| # of phonemes | 4.89 | (1.76) | 4.89 | (1.76) | 4.89 | (1.96) |
| KF Log Freqa | 1.7056 | (0.5293) | 1.9005 | (0.3710) | 1.8624 | (0.3574) |
| SUBTLEXUS Word Formb | 17.6 | (22.4) | 17.6 | (17.8) | 19.3 | (23.3) |
| SUBTLEXUS Log Freqc | 2.672 | (0.539) | 2.786 | (0.390) | 2.723 | (0.520) |
| SUBTLEXUS Diversityd | 2.435 | (0.488) | 2.565 | (0.333) | 2.444 | (0.473) |
| Nbors (substitution)e | 9.3 | (11.8) | 7.9 | (10.8) | 10.1 | (11.2) |
| Nbor (subst.) LF Meanf | 1.01 | (1.03) | 1.18 | (1.09) | 1.21 | (0.98) |
| Nbors (deletion, addition)g | 11.2 | (13.5) | 8.7 | (12.0) | 11.9 | (12.8) |
| Nbor (del.+add.) LF Meanh | 1.14 | (0.95) | 1.21 | (1.09) | 1.48 | (0.92) |
| Segment prob. averagei | 0.0551 | (0.0142) | 0.0636 | (0.0104) | 0.0615 | (0.0175) |
| Biphone prob. averagej | 0.0035 | (0.0023) | 0.0051 | (0.0019) | 0.0053 | (0.0030) |
| First Syll Freqk Mean | 793 | (1544) | 292 | (492) | 1406 | (2645) |
| First Syll Freqk Median | 245 | 215 | 330 | |||
| First Syll Freq Rankl | 11.9% | (15.0%) | 15.1% | (15.8%) | 10.2% | (15.6%) |
Logarithmic word frequency (Kučera & Francis, 1967)
SUBTLEXUS word form frequency per million words (Brysbaert & New, 2009)
SUBTLEXUS log10 word form frequency (Brysbaert & New, 2009)
SUBTLEXUS log10 frequency of number of different sources (Brysbaert & New, 2009)
Number of neighbors (substitution only) (Nusbaum et al., 1984; http://neighborhoodsearch.wustl.edu/neighborhood/Home.asp)
Logarithmic frequency of substitution neighbors (Nusbaum et al., 1984; http://neighborhoodsearch.wustl.edu/neighborhood/Home.asp)
Number of neighbors (substitution, deletion, addition) (Nusbaum et al., 1984; http://neighborhoodsearch.wustl.edu/neighborhood/Home.asp)
Logarithmic frequency of substitution, deletion, addition neighbors (Nusbaum et al., 1984; http://neighborhoodsearch.wustl.edu/neighborhood/Home.asp)
Average of segment probabilities (Storkel & Hoover, 2010)
Average of biphone probabilities (Storkel & Hoover, 2010)
First syllable frequency per million syllables in first position (Baayen, Piepenbrock, & Gulikers, 1995)
Frequency rank of syllables in initial position, expressed as percentage of total number of word-initial syllables (8,574; Baayen et al., 1995).