Table 1.

Chemical composition of the aerial parts of T. terrestris and T. domingensis extracts by GC-MS.

S. No.	RT	Name of the compound	Molecular formula	Molecular weight	Area% Tribulus terrestris L.	Area% Typha domingensis Pers.	Nature of compound	Structure	Pharmacological activity
1	10.57	Benzoic acid, methyl ester	C8H8O2	136	—	1.82	Aromatic acid ester		Antibacterial [27]
2	16.05	Cyclohexasiloxane, Dodecamethyl-(D6)	C12H36O6 Si6	444	1.31	—	Siloxane deriv.		Used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants, and deodorants; antibacterial and antifungal [28]
3	20.33	Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-	C14H42O7 Si7	518	1.67	3.19	Siloxane deriv.		Preservative [27]
4	24.15	Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-	C16H48O8 Si8	592	1.01	—	Siloxane deriv.		Antimicrobial [27]
5	27.42	Heptasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl-	C14H44O6 Si7	504	1.04	3.10	Siloxane deriv.		Insecticidal activity [29]
6	31.08	Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C17H34O2	270	1.67	—	Fatty acid ester		Hemolytic, antiandrogenic, lubricant, pesticide, nematicide, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic [30]
7	34.79	Methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate	C19H34O2	294	1.34	—	Fatty acid ester		Dienophilic activity [31]
8	34.94	9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-	C19H32O2	292	—	1.55	Fatty acid ester		Anti-inflammatory [32]
9	34.96	9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)-	C18H31ClO	298	5.97	—	Alkyl chloride		Antioxidant, anticancer, thyroid inhibitor [33]
10	40.78	Methyl 9,10-methylene-octadecanoate	C20H38O2	310	1.29	—	Fatty acid ester		No activity
11	45.15	13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-	C23H44O2	352	5.98	—	Fatty acid ester		Anticancer [34]
12	45.76	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (diisooctyl phthalate)	C24H38O4	390	34.74	27.45	Phthalic acid diester		Antibacterial, antifungal [35]
13	58.19	Stigmasterol	C29H48O	412	1.63	—	Phytosterol		Antimicrobial, anticancer, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant [33]
14	59.44	β-Sitosterol	C29H50O	414	1.80	2.40	Phytosterol		Antiasthma, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer [30]
15	60.54	Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-	C16H50O7 Si8	578	1.43	16.51	Siloxane deriv.		Antimicrobial [36], insecticidal activity [37]
Total identified phytocompounds		71.57	56.02

^∗ Reported activity obtained from Dr. Duke's phytochemical and ethnobotanical database [38].