Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics (all enrolled analysis set)
| Characteristic | Korea (n = 26) | Malaysia (n = 19) | Taiwan (n = 33) | Asian (n = 78) | Non-Asian (n = 724) | Total (n = 802) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 13 (50.0) | 11 (57.9) | 7 (21.2) | 31 (39.7) | 269 (37.2) | 300 (37.4) |
| Mean age (yr) | 49.0 ± 13.10 | 48.3 ± 10.50 | 43.8 ± 11.24 | 46.6 ± 11.84 | 52.8 ± 13.75 | 52.2 ± 13.69 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 1 (3.0) | 4 (5.1) | 174 (24.0) | 178 (22.2) |
| Mean age of MDD diagnosis (yr) | 36.2 ± 14.64 | 40.3 ± 12.68 | 34.3 ± 10.56 | 36.4 ± 12.62 | 35.6 ± 13.87 | 35.7 ± 13.75 |
| No. of previous MDD episodesa | ||||||
| 1 | 1 (3.8) | 8 (42.1) | 1 (3.0) | 10 (12.8) | 101 (14.0) | 111 (13.9) |
| 2−5 | 22 (84.6) | 9 (47.4) | 24 (72.7) | 55 (70.5) | 479 (66.3) | 534 (66.7) |
| 6−10 | 3 (11.5) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (12.1) | 9 (11.5) | 112 (15.5) | 121 (15.1) |
| > 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 (12.1) | 4 (5.1) | 31 (4.3) | 35 (4.4) |
| No. of previous AD medications | ||||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 (2.3) | 17 (2.1) |
| 2 | 14 (53.8) | 12 (63.2) | 25 (75.8) | 51 (65.4) | 414 (57.2) | 465 (58.0) |
| 3 | 9 (34.6) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (12.1) | 17 (21.8) | 170 (23.5) | 187 (23.3) |
| 4 | 3 (11.5) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (6.1) | 7 (9.0) | 77 (10.6) | 84 (10.5) |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 (6.1) | 2 (2.6) | 21 (2.9) | 23 (2.9) |
| 6 | 0 | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 16 (2.2) | 17 (2.1) |
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (0.7) | 5 (0.6) |
| Mean MADRS total score | 33.8 ± 5.74 | 33.6 ± 5.49 | 28.6 ± 4.06 | 31.6 ± 5.58 | 31.4 ± 5.38 | 31.4 ± 5.39 |
| Mean CGI-S score | 5.3 ± 0.80 | 5.1 ± 0.71 | 5.1 ± 0.74 | 5.2 ± 0.75 | 4.8 ± 0.77 | 4.8 ± 0.77 |
| CGI-S category | ||||||
| Normal, not at all ill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Borderline mentally ill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) |
| Mildly ill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 (2.5) | 18 (2.2) |
| Moderately ill | 3 (11.5) | 4 (21.1) | 6 (18.2) | 13 (16.7) | 222 (30.7) | 235 (29.3) |
| Markedly ill | 13 (50.0) | 10 (52.6) | 18 (54.5) | 41 (52.6) | 368 (50.8) | 409 (51.0) |
| Severely ill | 8 (30.8) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (24.2) | 21 (26.9) | 109 (15.1) | 130 (16.2) |
| Extremely ill patients | 2 (7.7) | 0 | 1 (3.0) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (0.4) | 6 (0.7) |
| Mean PHQ-9 total score | 17.3 ± 4.88 | 18.7 ± 4.81 | 16.9 ± 5.54 | 17.5 ± 5.14 | 17.3 ± 5.00 | 17.3 ± 5.01 |
| Screening C-SSRS lifetimeb | ||||||
| No event | 14 (53.8) | 12 (63.2) | 10 (30.3) | 36 (46.2) | 438 (60.7) | 474 (59.3) |
| Suicidal ideation | 6 (23.1) | 4 (21.1) | 12 (36.4) | 22 (28.2) | 181 (25.1) | 203 (25.4) |
| Suicidal behavior | 6 (23.1) | 3 (15.8) | 11 (33.3) | 20 (25.6) | 103 (14.3) | 123 (15.4) |
| Screening C-SSRS past 6 or 12 monthsb | ||||||
| No event | 17 (65.4) | 14 (73.7) | 22 (66.7) | 53 (67.9) | 530 (73.4) | 583 (72.9) |
| Suicidal ideation (past 6 months) | 9 (34.6) | 5 (26.3) | 11 (33.3) | 25 (32.1) | 190 (26.3) | 215 (26.9) |
| Suicidal behavior (past 12 months) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Class of newly assigned oral AD | ||||||
| SNRI | 15 (57.7) | 12 (63.2) | 9 (27.3) | 36 (46.2) | 371 (51.3) | 407 (50.8) |
| SSRI | 11 (42.3) | 7 (36.8) | 24 (72.7) | 42 (53.8) | 352 (48.7) | 394 (49.2) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Any employment | 15 (57.7) | 11 (57.9) | 16 (48.5) | 42 (53.8) | 408 (56.4) | 450 (56.1) |
| Any unemployment | 10 (38.5) | 6 (31.6) | 14 (42.4) | 30 (38.5) | 145 (20.0) | 175 (21.8) |
| Other | 1 (3.8) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (9.1) | 6 (7.7) | 171 (23.6) | 177 (22.1) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
MDD, major depressive disorder; AD, antidepressant; MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item Depression module; C-SSRS, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
aSample size of n = 723 and n = 801 for non-Asian subgroup and total group respectively. bSample size of n = 722 and n = 800 for non-Asian subgroup and total group respectively.