Fig. 5.
CSF HO-1 expression levels according to short-term and long-term neurological outcome. a Over the course of ICU treatment and one year after the SAH event, patients showed significant clinical improvement measured by mRS (p < 0.0001, F1.354, 77.19 = 22.63, n = 50). b Patients with unfavorable short-term outcome showed significantly higher HO-1 expression levels on day 14 after SAH (n = 21, p = 0.014). c This effect could still be observed regarding long-term functional outcome (n = 16, p = 0.008). Data are plotted as mean + SEM (mRS) and median with interquartile range and minimum to maximum. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HO-1 hemoxygenase-1, ICU intensive care unit, mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid, mRS Modified Rankin Scale, SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, SEM standard error of the mean