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. 2022 Feb 3;12:1835. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05901-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Beta–gamma phase-amplitude coupling during the resting state. For each study group (patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy study participants), we averaged synchronization index (SI) values for beta–gamma coupling and color-coded them on the cortex of (A) patients (n = 23) and (B) healthy participants (n = 23). The SI values are shown only if they significantly exceeded the corresponding phase-shuffled values in (A) and (B). The t values between SI values and phase-shuffled SI values are color-coded on the cortex of (C) patients (n = 23) and (D) healthy participants (n = 23) for alpha–gamma coupling and beta–gamma coupling.