Table 2.
Adverse cardiovascular, obstetric, and fetal events experienced by women with and without CHD admitted for delivery.
| CHD (n = 1,040) | No CHD (n = 18,384) | P value |
Crude OR
(95%CI) |
Adjusted P value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obstetric events | ||||||
| Hypertension in pregnancy | 23 (2.21) | 250 (1.36) | 0.025 | 1.64 (1.07–2.53) | 0.028 | 1.75 (1.05–2.50) |
| Placenta previa | 24 (2.31) | 557 (3.03) | 0.185 | 0.76 (0.50–1.14) | 0.170 | 0.89 (0.58–1.36) |
| Gestational diabetes | 139 (13.37) | 3166 (17.22) | 0.006 | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | 0.002 | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) |
| Placental abruption | 8 (0.77) | 55 (0.30) | 0.012 | 2.58 (1.23–5.44) | 0.013 | 2.77 (1.28–5.96) |
| Hemorrhage | 137 (13.17) | 3124 (16.99) | 0.001 | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.65–0.95) |
| Pre-term delivery | 142 (13.65) | 1234 (6.71) | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.82–2.65) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.44–2.18) |
| Preeclampsia | 68 (6.54) | 980 (5.33) | 0.094 | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) | 0.088 | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) |
| Prolonged pregnancy | 1 (0.10) | 50 (0.27) | 0.303 | 0.35 (0.05–2.56) | 0.363 | 0.40 (0.06–2.92) |
| Cardiovascular events | ||||||
| Heart failure | 51 (4.90) | 74 (0.40) | <0.001 | 12.76 (8.88–18.33) | <0.001 | 10.03 (6.51–15.47) |
| Arrhythmia | 132 (12.69) | 862 (4.69) | <0.001 | 2.96 (2.43–3.59) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.94–2.96) |
| Thromboembolic event | 4 (0.38) | 42 (0.23) | 0.319 | 1.69 (0.60–4.71) | 0.318 | 1.87 (0.64–5.45) |
| (stroke, PE, and so on) | ||||||
| Delivery procedure | ||||||
| Cesarean section | 821 (78.94) | 9032 (49.24) | <0.001 | 3.90 (3.35–4.54) | <0.001 | 4.52 (3.87–5.21) |
| Artificial rupture of the membranes | 26 (2.50) | 767 (4.17) | 0.009 | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | 0.008 | 0.51 (0.34–0.76) |
| Induction | 26 (2.50) | 750 (4.08) | 0.012 | 0.60 (0.41–0.90) | 0.013 | 0.54 (0.36–0.80) |
| Fetal events | ||||||
| Fetal distress | 4 (0.38) | 2111 (11.48) | <0.001 | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) | <0.001 | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) |
| Fetal growth restriction | 12 (1.15) | 84 (0.46) | 0.003 | 2.54 (1.38–4.67) | 0.003 | 2.50 (1.35–4.66) |
| Fetal malformation | 2 (0.19) | 35 (0.19) | 0.994 | 1.01 (0.24–4.21) | 0.979 | 1.03 (0.25–4.35) |
| Fetal death or stillbirth | 4 (0.38) | 72 (0.39) | 0.972 | 0.98 (0.36–2.69) | 0.983 | 1.12 (0.41–3.09) |
| Infant of low-birth weight | 89 (8.56) | 802 (4.36) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.63–2.58) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.44–2.34) |
| Other events | ||||||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 271 (26.06) | 99 (0.54) | <0.001 | 65.09 (51.14–82.84) | <0.001 | 57.95 (42.89–78.30) |
| Respiratory/pulmonary | 14 (0.12) | 103 (0.88) | 0.004 | 2.42 (1.38–4.25) | 0.002 | 2.47 (1.40–4.34) |
| Systemic hypertension | 21 (2.02) | 396 (2.15) | 0.776 | 0.94 (0.60–1.46) | 0.772 | 0.63 (0.38–1.05) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0 (0) | 32 (0.17) | 0.993 | NC | 0.990 | NC |
| Mental health | 1 (0.10) | 23 (0.13) | 0.801 | 0.77 (0.10–5.70) | 0.808 | 0.78 (0.10–6.04) |
| Neurologic/CNS | 1 (0.10) | 24 (0.13) | 0.762 | 0.74 (0.10–5.45) | 0.779 | 0.99 (0.13–7.34) |
CHD, congenital heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; NC, not calculated; OR, odds ratio; PE, pulmonary embolism; Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.