Table 1.
The study characteristics of included studies.
| References | Title | Subjects | Intervention | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (n-n years) | Male/ Female | N | Type of training | Training frequency | Content | |||
| Dalal et al. (43) | Short-duration high-intensity interval exercise training is more effective than long duration for blood pressure and arterial stiffness but not for inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in patients with stage 1 hypertension | 48.0 (43.0–53.8) | 30/0 | 10 | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 8 weeks | 80%VO2max 27 × 30 s | SBP (↓), DBP (↓) |
| 10 | LVHIIT | 85%VO2max 4 × 4 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓) | |||||
| 10 | Blank | Blank | SBP (↔), DBP (↔) | |||||
| Bahmanbeglou et al. (44) | The benefits of high-intensity interval training on cognition and blood pressure in older adults with hypertension and subjective cognitive decline: results from the heart & mind study | 71.1 (63.3–78.0) | 67/61 | 65 | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 24 weeks | 85–95% HRmax 25 min | SBP (↓), Time to exhaustion (↑) |
| 63 | MIT | 60–80% HRmax 25 min | SBP (↓), Time to exhaustion (↑) | |||||
| Lins-Filho et al. (49) | Effects of interval training on blood pressure and endothelial function in hypertensive patients | 51.3 (40.9–61.1) | 8/6 | 7 | LVHIIT | 5 times/week, 4 weeks | 80% HRmax 5 × 3 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↔), Rest HR (↓) |
| 7 | MIT | 60% HRmax 35 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↔), BMI (↔), Rest HR (↔) | |||||
| Whitaker et al. (37) | Effects of different aerobic exercise programs with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study | 54.0 (44.4–63.5) | 120/55 | 40 | MIT | 2 times/week, 16 weeks | 65% VO2max 45 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓), MBP (↓), Anaerobic thresholds (↔) |
| 42 | HVHIIT | 95% VO2max 45 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓), MBP (↓), Anaerobic thresholds (↑) | |||||
| 41 | LVHIIT | 90% VO2max 20 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓), MBP (↓), Anaerobic thresholds (↑) | |||||
| 40 | General physical activity | General physical activity | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓), MBP (↓), Anaerobic thresholds (↔) | |||||
| Boa Sorte Silva et al. (45) | High-intensity interval training lowers blood pressure and improves apelin and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals | 61.7 (51.1–69.3) | 23/19 | Unknown | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 6 weeks | 85–90% HRmax 35 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), Rest HR (↔), Max VO2 (↑), Time to exhaustion (↑) |
| Unknown | Blank | blank | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), Rest HR (↔), Max VO2 (↔), Time to exhaustion (↔) | |||||
| Izadi et al. (46) | Effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on epicardial fat thickness and endothelial function in hypertensive metabolic syndrome | 50.9 (42.6–60.3) | 18/16 | 17 | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 8 weeks | 85% HRmax 5 × 3 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓), Total cholesterol (↓) |
| 17 | MIT | 60 HRmax 35 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↔), Total cholesterol (↔) | |||||
| Sosner et al. (48) | Affective responses to different prescriptions of high-intensity interval exercise in hypertensive patients | 65.3 (61.1–69.5) | 0/20 | Unknown | LVHIIT | 8 times | 80–85% VO2max 5 × 2 min | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), Rest HR (↔) |
| Unknown | Blank | blank | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), Rest HR (↓) | |||||
| Gorostegi-Anduaga et al. (38) | Effects of different aerobic exercise programs on cardiac autonomic modulation and hemodynamics in hypertension: data from EXERDIET-HTA randomized trial | 53.7 (31.8–61.7) | 158/91 | 61 | HVHIIT | 16 weeks | 45 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), Rest HR (↓), Max VO2 (↑) |
| 62 | LVHIIT | 20 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), Rest HR (↓), Max VO2 (↑) | |||||
| 60 | MIT | 45 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), Rest HR (↓), Max VO2 (↑) | |||||
| 59 | General physical activity | General physical activity | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), Rest HR (↓), Max VO2 (↔) | |||||
| Soltani et al. (53) | Effects of antihypertensive medication and high-intensity interval training in hypertensive metabolic syndrome individuals | 58.7 (53.2–64.2) | Unknown | Unknown | LVHIIT (Take Placebo) | 3 times/week, 16 weeks | 90% HRmax 4 × 4 min/5 × 5 min (Take Placebo) | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), Rest HR (↔), Mean arterial pressure (↔) |
| Unknown | LVHIIT (Take antihypertensive drug) | 90% HRmax 4 × 4 min/5 × 5 min (Take antihypertensive drug) | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), Rest HR (↓), Mean arterial pressure (↔) | |||||
| Taha et al. (51) | High-intensity interval training irrespective of its intensity improves markers of blood fluidity in hypertensive patients | 48.0 (43.0–53.8) | 30/0 | 10 | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 8 weeks | 80–100%VO2max 2 × 30 s | SBP (↓), MAP (↔), BMI (↔) |
| 10 | LVHIIT | 75–90%VO2max 4 × 4 min | SBP (↓), MAP (↓), BMI (↔) | |||||
| 10 | Blank | Blank | SBP (↔), MAP (↔), BMI (↔) | |||||
| Jo et al. (47) | Ambulatory blood pressure reduction following 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training on an immersed ergo cycle | 65.0 (54.0–72.0) | 22/20 | Unknown | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 2 weeks | 100% Peak Power 2 × 15 s (Dryland) | SBP (↔), BMI (↔), Rest HR (↔) |
| Unknown | LVHIIT | 100% Peak Power 2 × 15 s (Immersed) | SBP (↓), BMI (↓), Rest HR (↓) | |||||
| Unknown | MIT | 50%PeakPower | SBP (↔), BMI (↔), Rest HR (↔) | |||||
| Jo et al. (50) | Effect of high-intensity interval training on endothelial function in postmenopausal hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial | 48.0 (45.2–50.4) | 0/46 | 23 | LVHIIT | 3 times/week, 10 weeks | 80–85% HRmax 4 × 4 min | SBP (↓), DBP (↓), BMI (↔) |
| 23 | Blank | Blank | SBP (↔), DBP (↔), BMI (↔) | |||||
Blank, Blank control; LVHIIT, low-volume high-intensity interval training; HVHIIT, high-volume high-intensity interval training; MIT, Medium intensity training; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; Max VO2, maximal oxygen consumption; ↑, Significantly rise; ↓, Significantly decrease; ↔, No statistically significant change.