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. 2022 Feb 3;6:10. doi: 10.1038/s41538-022-00128-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A The survival rate of S. thermophilus after freezing at −20 °C for 24 h and 2 freezing–thawing cycles with various cryoprotectants. B S. thermophilus metabolic activity; C acid production of S. thermophilus with different cryoprotectants; D S. thermophilus growth with various cryoprotectants at different freezing times. The concentration of rsfAFP was 0.1 mg/mL. 20 mM PBS was used as a negative control; 15% glycerol, 1.0 mg/mL sucrose, and 1.0 mg/mL skim milk were used as the positive controls.