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. 2022 Feb 3;13:675. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28273-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Top row: UMAP of all patients (AD and controls), with each dot representing a patient, colored by AD status (a top left, b top left) or by sex (a top right, b top right). Middle and bottom rows: violin plots show the distribution of patients with AD and controls along the UMAP principal components for UCSF (a) and Mount Sinai (b), and p-values determined from comparing distributions with a two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test. Alzheimer vs Control: UCSF p-value 2.4e−20 (component 1) and 3.1e−258 (component 2). Mount Sinai p-value 3.3e−20 and 1.4e−275. Male vs female: UCSF p-value 9.2e−5 and 0.01. Mount Sinai p-value 7.0e−12 and 3.6e−9.