| Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is closely related to ankylosing spondylitis, but has no definite sacroiliac changes on plain radiography. |
| Diagnosis requires consideration of symptoms, examination, HLA-B27, CRP, and imaging by a clinician experienced in this condition. |
| No single diagnostic feature or test is perfectly sensitive or specific. |
| Management should begin with NSAIDs and an exercise program and can be escalated to targeted therapy. |
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