Table 2.

Changes in common intestinal bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease.

Gut microbiome	Years	Country	Sample size	Age	Microbiology assessment	Abundance in IBD	Active UC/quiescence UC	Active CD/quiescence CD
Clostridium leptum (59)	2013	Indian	17 HC; 20 CD; 22 UC	CD:31.2 y; UC: 38.4 y HC: 31.1 y	Real-time PCR; TTGE	↓	NS	NS
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (60, 61)	2014 2011	Belgium	127 UC and 87 HC 68 CD and 139 HC	HC: 41.5 y (30–53); UC: 43 y (32–55) CD: 45 y (25–76) Unaffected relatives: 52 y (14–86) Control: 50 y (28–78)	DGGE; Real-time PCR	↓	↓	↓
Roseburia (60, 61)	2014 2011	Belgium	127 UC and 87 HC 68 CD and 139 HC	HC: 41.5 y (30–53); UC: 43 y (32–55) CD: 45 y (25–76) Unaffected relatives: 52 y (14–86) Control: 50 y (28–78)	DGGE; Real-time PCR	↓	↓	↓
Bifidobacterium (62)	2013	UK	33 UC; 18 HC	UC: 53 y (19–81); HC: 57.5 y (19–81)	Real-time PCR	↓	↓	NA
Lactobacillus (62)	2013	UK	33 UC; 18 HC	UC: 53 y (19–81); HC: 57.5 y (19–81)	Real-time PCR	↓	↓	NA
Clostridiu buytricum (62)	2013	UK	33 UC; 18 HC	UC: 53 y (19–81) HC: 57.5 y (19–81)	Real-time PCR	↓	↓	NA
Akkermansia (63)	2010	Australia	20 HC; 20 UC; 26 CD	HC: 53 y (22–84); UC: 48 y (24–71) CD: 38 y (19–74)	Real-time PCR	↓	↓	↓
Ruminococcaceae (64)	2021	China	89 UC; 33 HC	HC: 55.5 y; UC: 43 ± 3 y	16s sequencing	↓	↓	NA

UC, patients with UC; CD, patients with CD; HC, healthy people; TTGE, temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis; DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; Real-time PCR, Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction; NS, no significance; NA, not available; ↓, decline in quantity.