Table 2.

Maternal fats intake in the regulation of neonatal infection, immunity and production performance.

Breed, feeding time and products	Reproductive and lactation performance	immune and oxidative Stability of sows and piglets	Intestinal health	others	References
Breed: Landrace × Yorkshire Period: G0-L20 Product: 2% soybean oil	Colostrum ↑No-fat solids: (15.53-22.90%) Protein: (5.85-8.79%)	Piglet ileum (After farrowing) Gene Expression ↑TLR-4: (1.00-1.48) TLR-9: (1.00-1.40) MyD88: (1.00-1.22)	Piglet Jejunum (After farrowing) ↑Villous height: (717-923 μm) Crypt depth: (76-88 μm) Piglet Colon (After farrowing) ↑Crypt depth: (32-41 μm) ↓VCR: (6.53-4.40) (villous height to crypt depth ratio)	Sow plasma (After farrowing) Prolactin: (262.00-432.70 ng/mL)	(52)
Breed: Large White × Landrace Period: G109-weaning (L26) Product: fish oil and seaweed extract (100 g of FO/d, 10.0 g of SWE/d)	Colostrum (SWE) ↑IgG: (63.27-69.84 mg/ml) Milk (L12) (SWE) ↑CP: (5.17-5.39%) Milk (L12) (FO) ↑Total n-34: (1.73-4.62%) Ratio n-6:n-3: (9.75-3.80%)	Piglet serum (L5) ↑IgG (SWE): (19.31-22.9 mg/ml) IgA (SWE): (2.51-3.13 mg/ml) ↓IgA (FO): (3.12-2.52 mg/ml) Piglet serum (L12) ↑IgG (SWE): (9.98-12.04 mg/ml)	N/A	Piglet serum (L26) ↑Total n-6: (0.99-0.16%) Total n-3: (1.43-0.030%) Ratio n-6:n-3: (0.61-0.232%)	(23)
Breed: large white × landrace Period: G84-L21 Product: Fish Oil (2%)  Or  Olive Oil (2%)	Litter Performance ↑Piglet BW: (1.33-1.58 kg) OO ↑Piglet mortality: (7.2-12.3%) FO ↓Piglet mortality: (7.2-2.2%) OO Colostrum ↑Fat: (4.84-5.69%) OO MDA: (3.9-5.8 nmol/ml) FO IL-1β: (14-20 ng/L) FO Milk (OO)  ↑Fat: (6.77-8.08%) L10  Fat: (5.86-7.99%) L21 ↓IL-1β: (20-10 ng/L) L10 IL-1β: (18-6 ng/L) L21 Milk (FO) ↑MDA: (3.9-8 nmol/ml) L10 MDA: (3.8-8 nmol/ml) L21	Sow plasma (FO) ↑MDA: (2-2.25 nmol/ml) L0 MDA: (2-3.5 nmol/ml) L10 MDA: (1.5-2 nmol/ml) L21 Piglet serum (FO) ↑MDA: (2.75-4 nmol/ml) L0 MDA: (3-4 nmol/ml) L21 GSH-Px: (275-300 U/ml) L0 Piglet serum (OO) ↓IL-1β: (12-10 ng/L) L21 TNF-α:(90-80 ng/L) L21	N/A	N/A	(53)

↑, increase; ↓, decrease. N/A, No Value; TLR-4, toll-like receptor 4; TLR-9, toll-like receptor 9; MγD88, myeloiddifferentiationfactor88 IgG, Immunoglobulin G; IgA, Immunoglobulin A; IL-10, interleukin 10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; MDA, malondialdehyde; IL-1 β, interleukin-1 β; T- AOC, total antioxidant capacity; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase IL-6, interleukin 6.