Table 2.
Maternal fats intake in the regulation of neonatal infection, immunity and production performance.
Breed, feeding time and products | Reproductive and lactation performance | immune and oxidative Stability of sows and piglets | Intestinal health | others | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breed: Landrace × Yorkshire Period: G0-L20 Product: 2% soybean oil |
Colostrum
↑No-fat solids: (15.53-22.90%) Protein: (5.85-8.79%) |
Piglet ileum (After farrowing) Gene Expression
↑TLR-4: (1.00-1.48) TLR-9: (1.00-1.40) MyD88: (1.00-1.22) |
Piglet Jejunum (After farrowing)
↑Villous height: (717-923 μm) Crypt depth: (76-88 μm) Piglet Colon (After farrowing) ↑Crypt depth: (32-41 μm) ↓VCR: (6.53-4.40) (villous height to crypt depth ratio) |
Sow plasma (After farrowing)
Prolactin: (262.00-432.70 ng/mL) |
(52) |
Breed: Large White × Landrace Period: G109-weaning (L26) Product: fish oil and seaweed extract (100 g of FO/d, 10.0 g of SWE/d) |
Colostrum (SWE)
↑IgG: (63.27-69.84 mg/ml) Milk (L12) (SWE) ↑CP: (5.17-5.39%) Milk (L12) (FO) ↑Total n-34: (1.73-4.62%) Ratio n-6:n-3: (9.75-3.80%) |
Piglet serum (L5)
↑IgG (SWE): (19.31-22.9 mg/ml) IgA (SWE): (2.51-3.13 mg/ml) ↓IgA (FO): (3.12-2.52 mg/ml) Piglet serum (L12) ↑IgG (SWE): (9.98-12.04 mg/ml) |
N/A |
Piglet serum (L26)
↑Total n-6: (0.99-0.16%) Total n-3: (1.43-0.030%) Ratio n-6:n-3: (0.61-0.232%) |
(23) |
Breed: large white × landrace Period: G84-L21 Product: Fish Oil (2%) Or Olive Oil (2%) |
Litter Performance
↑Piglet BW: (1.33-1.58 kg) OO ↑Piglet mortality: (7.2-12.3%) FO ↓Piglet mortality: (7.2-2.2%) OO Colostrum ↑Fat: (4.84-5.69%) OO MDA: (3.9-5.8 nmol/ml) FO IL-1β: (14-20 ng/L) FO Milk (OO) ↑Fat: (6.77-8.08%) L10 Fat: (5.86-7.99%) L21 ↓IL-1β: (20-10 ng/L) L10 IL-1β: (18-6 ng/L) L21 Milk (FO) ↑MDA: (3.9-8 nmol/ml) L10 MDA: (3.8-8 nmol/ml) L21 |
Sow plasma (FO)
↑MDA: (2-2.25 nmol/ml) L0 MDA: (2-3.5 nmol/ml) L10 MDA: (1.5-2 nmol/ml) L21 Piglet serum (FO) ↑MDA: (2.75-4 nmol/ml) L0 MDA: (3-4 nmol/ml) L21 GSH-Px: (275-300 U/ml) L0 Piglet serum (OO) ↓IL-1β: (12-10 ng/L) L21 TNF-α:(90-80 ng/L) L21 |
N/A | N/A | (53) |
↑, increase; ↓, decrease. N/A, No Value; TLR-4, toll-like receptor 4; TLR-9, toll-like receptor 9; MγD88, myeloiddifferentiationfactor88 IgG, Immunoglobulin G; IgA, Immunoglobulin A; IL-10, interleukin 10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; MDA, malondialdehyde; IL-1 β, interleukin-1 β; T- AOC, total antioxidant capacity; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase IL-6, interleukin 6.