Table 1.
Participant characteristics and fitness measures.
| High-intensity | Low-intensity | Statistics*2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (N = 11) Mean ±SD | Male (N = 11) Mean ±SD | Female (N = 13) Mean ±SD | Male (N = 10) Mean ±SD | Female | Male | |
| Participant characteristics | ||||||
| Age (y) | 23.87 ± 2.59 | 22.09 ± 2.09 | 24 ± 2.58 | 24.64 ± 4.15 | t(23.92) = −0.14, p = 0.89 | t(14.88) = 1.81, p = 0.09 |
| Education | 7.00 ± 1.11 | 6.70 ± 1.49 | 7.31 ± 1.03 | 6.36 ± 2.01 | t(23.00) = −0.75, p = 0.46 | t(18.31) = 0.44, p = 0.67 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.12 ± 3.19 | 23.55 ± 3.17 | 23.67 ± 2.51 | 23.46 ± 2.23 | t(23.70) = 0.52, p = 0.60 | t(17.95) = −0.08, p = 0.94 |
| IQ estimate (DART) | 106.47 ± 5.40 | 107.60 ± 6.33 | 107.21 ± 7.20 | 105.55 ± 7.41 | t(23.06) = −0.32, p = 0.76 | t(18.94) = 0.69, p = 0.50 |
| Fitness measures | ||||||
| VO2max pre (kg/mL/min) | 33.71 ± 5.18 | 41.98 ± 7.44 | 34.44 ± 4.75 | 41.78 ± 6.22 | t(27.80) = −0.18, p = 0.85 | t(19.39) = −0.07, p = 0.95 |
| VO2max post (kg/mL/min) | 38.79 ± 5.25 | 45.25 ± 6.83 | 36.15 ± 6.14 | 43.59 ± 6.93 | t(23.44) = −1.18, p = 0.25 | t(18) = −0.54, p = 0.60 |
| Max. heart rate pre (beats/min) | 182.92 ± 8.36 | 192.12 ± 4.85 | 190.64 ± 7.97 | 187.03 ± 6.68 | t(27.94) = 2.59, p = 0.01 | t(18.18) = −2.01, p = 0.06 |
| Max. heart rate post (beats/min) | 185.08 ± 9.57 | 187.11 ± 6.68 | 190.10 ± 6.88 | 184.07 ± 6.68 | t(21.79) = 1.54, p = 0.14 | t(18.81) = −1.04, p = 0.31 |
| Resistance pre (watts) | 200.33 ± 33.03 | 294.09 ± 49.84 | 221.00 ± 31.58 | 276.82 ± 42.56 | t(27.94) = 1.75, p = 0.09 | t(19.52) = −0.87, p = 0.39 |
| Resistance post (watts) | 225.38 ± 30.38 | 330.45 ± 53.03 | 239.62 ± 29.04 | 291.50 ± 47.26 | t(23.95) = 1.22, p = 0.23 | t(18.99) = −1.78, p = 0.09 |
| Intervention | ||||||
| Duration of exercise (h) | 32.44 ± 14.81 | 26.46 ± 7.13 | 31.69 ± 9.51 | 26.78 ± 14.69 | t(20.63) = −0.15, p = 0.88 | t(17.97) = −0.60, p = 0.56 |
| Percent of hours with HR > 80% of max. HR*1 | 35.92 ± 17.11 | 35.84 ± 19.92 | 13.51 ± 9.39 | 4.53 ± 3.69 | t(18.04) = −4.21, p < 0.01 | t(10.83) = −5.11, p < 0.01 |
pre = pre-exercise intervention; post = post-exercise intervention; Education [Dutch System; (37)]: 0 = no education, 1 = Elementary School, 2 = VMBO, 3 = VMBO-T, 4 = MBO, 5 = HAVO, 6 = VWO, 7 = HBO, 8 = WO (University); Body Mass Index = weight (kg)/[height (m)]2; NLV = Dutch reading test estimating intelligence quotient (IQ); max. heart rate = max. heart rate measured during VO2max test; Resistance = max. resistance of ergometer during VO2max test; Duration of exercise = Hours spent exercising over the 12-week exercise intervention; *1 = Percentage of hours spent exercising with a HR above 80% of individuals max. HR (220-age); *2 = Independent samples t-tests, in case of non-normal distribution, data were transformed.