Figure 3.

Sal improves learning and memory function in Aβ1-42 and D-gal/AlCl₃-induced AD mice. The place navigation trial during the MWM. The Sal or DNP-treated AD mice showed a shorter escape latency over 5 days (A). (B–F) The spatial probe trial during the MWM. The Sal or DNP-treated AD mice obviously decreased the number of crossings over the platforms (B), reduced the time spent in the target quadrant where the platform was located during the hidden platform training session (C), decreased the distance traveled in the target quadrant (D), improved both the learning curves during the place navigation trial (E) and the trajectory of learning on the sixth day (F). Data represent Mean ± SEM and significant differences were considered when ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 and ^###p < 0.001 control vs. Aβ1-42 or D-gal/AlCl₃-induced mice. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 vs. Aβ1-42 and D-gal/AlCl₃ group (n = 8/10).