TABLE 1.

Neuronal death patterns of both ICH and sepsis.

Types	Activators	Characterization	References
Ferroptosis	Iron and extracellular glutamine	Plasma membrane integrity loss, organelles disruption and swelling, mitochondria shrunk, without DNA fragmentation	Li et al., 2018
Necroptosis	Inflammatory factors	Plasma membrane integrity loss, organelles disruption and swelling, without mitochondria shrunk, without DNA fragmentation	Oberst, 2016; Li et al., 2018
Apoptosis	Inflammatory factors	Chromatin condensation, nuclear shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation	Castagna et al., 2016; Li et al., 2018
Oxytosis	Glutamate; ROS	Mitochondrial fragmentation, without DNA fragmentation	Lewerenz et al., 2018; Takashima et al., 2019; Nagase et al., 2020
Pyroptosis	Inflammatory factors	Nuclear condensation, cell swelling, lipid membrane vacuole formation, lipid membrane ruptures, without DNA fragmentation	Li et al., 2018