| Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation |
Dyspnea, hemoptysis, cerebral stroke, brain abscess |
Well-defined peripheral lung nodule/mass, clustered dilated pulmonary vessels |
Endovascular embolization of feeding artery |
| Extrapulmonary arteriovenous malformation |
Pulsating bulging mass of chest wall |
Vascular tangle abutting pleural surface, systemic feeding arteries and draining veins |
Endovascular sclerotherapy of nidus |
| Anomalous pulmonary vein |
Dyspnea, respiratory distress, hemoptysis |
Anomalous vein which drains into the left atrium involving unilateral lung, lobe, segment or subsegment |
Observation |
| Pulmonary vein atresia or stenosis |
Tachypnea, dyspnea, recurrent pneumonia, hemoptysis |
Venous drainage from the affected lung through various forms of collaterals to the left atrium |
Surgical repair or balloon angioplasty |
| Pulmonary vein varix |
Cough, dyspnea, palpitation, hemoptysis, cerebral stroke (rare) |
Dilated anomalous perihilar pulmonary vein without arterial dilatation or arteriovenous fistula |
Depends on the underlying cause; surgical resection |
| Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage |
Dyspnea, heart murmur, arrhythmia, palpitation |
Anomalous vein which drains into the systemic vein involving at least one pulmonary vein, but not all |
Surgical repair; endovascular treatment in selected case |
| Pulmonary artery aneurysm or ectasia |
Dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, syncopal episodes, hoarseness |
Focal or diffuse dilatation of main pulmonary artery and/or branches |
Surgical repair; endovascular treatment in selected case |
