Table 3.

Prostate.

Year, Ref.	Findings
2008 291	Silibinin had inhibitory effects on survival, motility and adhesion of highly metastatic prostate cancer cells.
2005 292	Isosylibin B was the most potent fraction of silymarin against proliferation in different prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3). Silymarin used in this paper contained 5% isosylibin B. Isosilybin was a suppressor of the promoter of the topoisomerase IIα gene in DU145 cells.
2001 142	Silymarin inhibited the androgen receptor (AR) by reducing its localization in the nucleus without modifying AR expression or binding ability. This action was probably related to silymarin's downregulation of FKBP51 that is a probable transporter of AR to the nucleus.
2020 293	Silymarin inhibited DU 145 cell proliferation through two mechanisms: activation of the SLIT 2 protein and inhibition of CXCR4.
1999 294	Silibinin inhibited growth by G1 cell cycle arrest in hormone-refractory human prostate carcinoma cells without apoptosis. It decreased CDKs and PSA and increased p21 and p27.
2006 295	Silymarin and silibinin produced G1 and G2-M cell cycle arrest with a decrease in CDKs and Cdc2 kinase activity, and an increase in CDK inhibitors.
2002 296	Silibinin treatment caused growth inhibition, apoptosis, and decreased viability in different prostate cancer cell lines.
2007 297	Isosylibin A and Isosylibin B caused growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines.
2004 298	Silibinin inhibited mitogenic signaling in prostate cancer cells.
2007 299	Silibinin had a synergistic effect on Mitoxantrone inhibition of cell growth arrest and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.
2005 300 X	Dietary supplementation of silymarin in rats decreased the incidence of induced rat prostate carcinoma.
2010 301	Silibinin reversed epithelial mesenchymal transition, induced upregulation of cytokeratin-18, and downregulation of vimentin, MMP2, NF-kB nuclear translocation, and transcription factors ZEB1 and SLUG.
2010 302	Isosylibin A induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through phosphoAkt, NF-kB, and AR downregulation.
2003 303 X	In nude mice with xenografted prostate carcinomas, silibinin feeding increased apoptosis and reduced growth and angiogenesis.
2002 304 X	In nude mice xenografted with human prostate carcinoma cells silibinin feeding decreased tumor growth by 35% to 58%.
2002 305	In human androgen-dependent prostate cancer silibinin inhibited Rb phosphorylation and increased Rb-E2F.