Table I.

Baseline demographics and severity of presentation

Parameter	Effectiveness Set (n = 953)*
Age, years, mean (SD)	54.0 (15.3)
Sex, n (%) Male	537 (56)
Time since onset of the event leading to upper limb spasticity, years
Mean (SD)	7.6 (9.4)
Median (IQR)	4.2 (6.5)
Diagnosis of condition leading to upper limb spasticity, n (%)
Acquired brain injury (stroke/trauma/other)	870 (91.3)
Spinal cord injury	15 (1.6)
Progressive neurological condition	20 (2.1)
Congenital	44 (4.6)
Other	4 (0.4)
Aetiology, n (%)
Trauma	71 (7.5)
Vascular (infarct or haemorrhage)	786 (82.5)
Hypoxic	25 (2.6)
Inflammatory/infective	15 (1.6)
Tumour	19 (2.0)
Degenerative	12 (1.3)
Cerebral palsy	10 (1.0)
Other	15 (1.6)
Spasticity distribution, n (%)
Focal (part of the limb)	190 (19.9)
Regional	763 (80.1)
Affected limb, n (%)
Right arm	409 (42.9)
Left arm	488 (51.2)
Both arms	56 (5.9)
From the Neurological Impairment Scale
Motor impairment, n (%)**	n = 908*
Impaired muscle power	783 (86.2)
Impaired control of voluntary movement	540 (59.5)
Proximal motor impairment	828 (91.2)
Distal motor impairment	859 (94.6)
Confounding factors, n (%)**	n = 914*
Severe weakness	416 (45.5)
Impaired mobility of joints	631 (69.0)
Communication impairment	397 (43.4)
Emotional/behaviour impairment	309 (33.8)
Impaired cognitive function	289 (31.6)
Sensation impairment (n = 913)	484 (53.0)

^*Not all patients had assessments of impairments; data are presented for patients with available data.

^**Defined as at least mild severity on the Upper Limb Spasticity adapted Neurological Impairment Scale (ULS-NIS), except for the presence of severe weakness, which was assessed as yes/no.

IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.