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. 2022 Jan 20;12:785946. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785946

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Copyright © 2022 Fouladseresht, Ghamar Talepoor, Eskandari, Norouzian, Ghezelbash, Beyranvand, Nejadghaderi, Carson-Chahhoud, Kolahi and Safiri

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Association between the kinetics of changes in circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets with prognosis in patients with COVID-19 and trauma. The heat map shows the kinetics of changes in CD4+ T cells (167, 170, 211, 213), Th1 (214, 215), Th2 (214, 215), Th17 (214, 215), Treg (214, 215), and CTL (30, 170, 213, 216–218) counts during 18 days after admission in COVID-19 and trauma patients associated with poor and good prognoses. COVID-19 patients with an increased risk of mortality, MOF, severe-to-critical forms of the disease, intensive care unit admission, and/or hospitalization are defined as a poor prognosis for the disease. Conversely, patients with the opposite are defined as having a good prognosis for the COVID-19. AT, admission time; CTL, cytotoxic T cell; d, day; h, hour; Th, helper T cell; MOF, multiple organ failure; Treg, regulatory T cell.