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. 2022 Feb 4;22:62. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03406-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Mitochondrial dysfunction motif (MDM) enrichment in stress treatment-specific gene sets and conservation of potential mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes in Arabidopsis (At), rice (Os) and barley (Hv). (a) Enrichment analysis of the MDM in the upstream promotor region of specific subsets containing all differentially expressed genes (DEGs; |log2 (fold change)| > 1, FDR < 0.05) for each stress treatment in At, Os and Hv; 3AT = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, AA = antimycin A, ABA = abscisic acid, MV = methyl viologen, SA = salicylic acid, UV = ultraviolet radiation. The presence of the stringent MDM in all expressed genes in each species and each stress was analysed for significance (p-values; chi-square test, significance (p <0.05) is indicated in red font). (b) Heatmap showing gene expression levels for DEGs of MDS candidate genes in At, Os and Hv. All genes contained the MDM in the 2 kb promotor region and showed differential expression in response to AA and/or 3AT and at least 3 out of 6 stresses. The number of each orthogroup (OG) is indicated and known MDS genes are highlighted with an asterisk. Gene names/annotations refer to the genes in Arabidopsis