Table 1.
Baseline Study Population Demographics
| Total (n=160) | Depression or Anxiety (n=18)a | No Depression or Anxiety (n=142)b | P Valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 14 (1.8) | 16 (1.7) | 15 (1.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, No. (%) | 0.133 | |||
| Male | 107 (75) | 10 (56) | 117 (73) | |
| Female | 35 (25) | 8 (44) | 43 (27) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | 0.149 | |||
| Hispanic | 126 (89) | 13 (72) | 121 (85) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 9 (6) | 4 (22) | 13 (9) | |
| Non-White, non-Hispanic | 7(5) | 1 (6) | 8 (6) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 33.7 (7.1) | 35.6 (6.0) | 33.9 (7.0) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI z score, mean (SD) | 2.19 (0.5) | 2.30 (0.4) | 2.20 (0.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Liver Enzymes, mean (SD), U/L | ||||
| ALT | 82.0 (94.6) | 88.0 (82.3) | 81.3 (96.3) | 0.778 |
| AST | 48.4 (48.4) | 57.8 (56.8) | 47.2 (47.4) | 0.382 |
| GGT | 39.4 (40.0) | 53.9 (89.0) | 37.6 (29.1) | 0.103 |
| Steatosis Grade, No. (%) | 0.105 | |||
| 1 | 47 (29) | 9 (50) | 38 (27) | |
| 2 | 50 (31) | 5 (28) | 56 (39) | |
| 3 | 63 (39) | 4 (22) | 59 (42) | |
| Lobular Inflammation, No. (%) | 0.596 | |||
| 0 | 86 (54) | 11 (61) | 75 (53) | |
| 1 | 61 (38) | 5 (28) | 56 (39) | |
| 2 | 10 (6) | 2 (11) | 8 (6) | |
| Ballooning, No. (%) | 0.585 | |||
| 1 | 94 (59) | 8 (44) | 86 (61) | |
| 2 | 53 (33) | 8 (44) | 45 (32) | |
| 3 | 12 (8) | 2 (11) | 10 (7) | |
| Fibrosis Stage, No. (%) | 0.555 | |||
| 0 | 96 (60) | 11 (61) | 85 (60) | |
| 1 | 41 (26) | 5 (28) | 36 (25) | |
| 2 | 6 (4) | 0 (0) | 6 (4) | |
| 3 | 15 (9) | 1 (6) | 14 (10) | |
| 4 | 2 (1) | 1 (6) | 1 (1) | |
| Steatohepatitis, No. (%) | 84 (53) | 9 (50) | 75 (53) | 0.764 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
Steatosis was scored: grade 0 (none to 5%), grade 1 (5%-33%), grade 2 (34%-66%), and grade 3 (>66%). Lobular inflammation was categorized based on the assessment of all inflammatory foci: no foci, <2 foci per 200 field, 2-4 foci per 200 field, and >4 foci per 200. Portal inflammation was categorized into 3 groups: (1) none, (2) mild, and (3) more than mild. Ballooning was categorized into 3 groups: (1) none, (2) few, and (3) many. Fibrosis was staged based on the following: stage 0 (no fibrosis), stage 1 (mild perisinusoidal or periportal), 2 (zone 3 perisinusoidal and periportal), stage 3 (bridging fibrosis), and stage 4 (cirrhosis).
Depression or anxiety defined as having a clinical diagnosis at baseline.
No depression or anxiety defined as not having a clinical diagnosis at baseline.
P values are calculated based on T test for continuous variables and a χ2 test for continuous variables.