Table 2.

Summary of dialysis delivery in Singapore in 2018

Characteristics	Details
No. of patients on dialysis	N=7405, 1081.7 pmp
Patients by modality, %	Hemodialysis: 86.3
	Peritoneal dialysis: 13.7
Dialysis centers, %	VWO: 62.8
	Private: 35.6
	Public hospitals: 1.6
Location of dialysis center, %	Community: 98.4
	Institution: 1.6
Cost per hemodialysis session, USD	Approximately $150
Reimbursement per dialysis session, USD	Approximately $63; not inclusive of VWO subsidy, which is dependent on means testing
Dialysis delivery staff	Registered/enrolled nurse
	Nurse aides
Ratio of dialysis center staff to patients	1:5
Average hemodialysis session length, h	4
Nephrologist review, times per mo	At least once a month

pmp, per million population; VWO, voluntary welfare organization; USD, United States dollar.