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. 2022 Jan 21;12:794997. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997

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Copyright © 2022 Estornut, Milara, Bayarri, Belhadj and Cortijo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simplified diagram of the principal molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant enhancers n-acetyl cysteine (NAC), Quercetin (QUER) and Salvianolic acid B (SAL B). αSMA: alpha smooth muscle actin; ARE: antioxidant responsive element; CAT: catalase; CYS: cysteine; GCLC: glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GLUT: glutamate; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: glutathione; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IL-1β: interleuquina 1beta; IL-6: interleuquina 6; iNOS: inducible nitrogen oxide synthase; NFκβ: nuclear factor kappa beta; NOX1,2,4: NADPH oxidases; NQO1: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; NRF2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ROS/RNS: reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TNFα: tumoral necrosis factor alpha; SIRT: sirtuine 1; SOD: supeoxide dismutase Created with Biorender.com.