Table 4.

Multivariable Cox regression for all-cause mortality until day 30

Model with multiply imputed data
	Estimated HR (95% CI)	P
Independent variable
Age	1.04 (1.01 to 1.06)	0.003
Sex (male)	1.42 (1.14 to 1.76)	0.001
Severity of procedure	NA	0.02
Major vs. Minor	1.56 (1.05 to 2.33)	0.03
Intermediate vs. Minor	1.18 (0.79 to 1.77)	0.41
Urgency of procedure	NA	<0.001
Urgent vs. Elective	2.17 (1.66 to 2.84)	<0.001
Emergency vs. Elective	4.17 (3.09 to 5.64)	<0.001
Frailtya	2.63 (2.10 to 3.30)	<0.001
Procedure category	NA	<0.001
Referring facility	NA	<0.001
Transfusion of plasma	2.08 (1.35 to 3.19)	<0.001
Transfusion of platelets	2.12 (1.16 to 3.85)	0.01
Transfusion of red blood cells	1.92 (1.42 to 2.58)	<0.001
Anaesthesia techniqueb	NA	0.28
Multimorbidityc	1.87 (1.26 to 2.78)	0.002
Premedication	NA	0.02
None vs. Clonidine	1.39 (0.19 to 10.20)	0.74
None vs. Benzodiazepine	1.71 (1.18 to 2.49)	0.005
Limited mobility TUG testd	2.19 (1.24 to 3.86)	0.007

All pairwise comparisons are presented in Supplementary Table S4 in SDC 1.

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; TUG, Timed Up and Go test.

^aFrailty was classified as present, if at least four of the following six markers were present: Mini Cog total score of ≤3 points; albumin level of ≤33 g l⁻¹; >1 fall in the last 6 months; haematocrit level of <35%; pre-operative functional status is partially dependent or totally dependent; and ≥3 comorbidities present (according to Robinson et al.¹⁵ and Oresanya et al.¹⁷

^bAnaesthesia techniques were categorised in four groups as general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia (comprising epidural, spinal and other regional), sedation or a combination of any of the three previous categories.

^cMultimorbidity was defined as the presence of at least two of the assessed comorbidities.

^dLimited mobility was defined as Timed Up and Go test performed in >12 s.