TABLE 2.

Measurement of gradient boosting mode fit in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples

		Root-mean-square error
Sample	Step	Full model	Clinical characteristics	Metabolic measures
Cross-sectional	Training	15.50 mmHg	16.95 mmHg	16.36 mmHg
Cross-sectional	Test	16.27 mmHg	16.70 mmHg	18.03 mmHg
Longitudinal	Training	13.22 mmHg	14.84 mmHg	16.46 mmHg
Longitudinal	Test	17.61 mmHg	18.52 mmHg	19.78 mmHg

Full model included both clinical characteristics and 53 circulating metabolic biomarkers. In models adjusted with clinical characteristics, we used following covariates age, sex, BMI, current smoking, diabetes, antihypertensive medication, exercise, and lipid medication, and baseline SBP (only in longitudinal model).