Table 3. Multilevel analysis for assessing factors associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 1.05 (1.02, 1.088 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.06) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 15–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 20–24 | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) | 0.80 (0.78, 0.83) | ||
| 25–29 | 0.77 (0.74, 0.80) | 0.76 (0.73, 0.79) | ||
| 30–34 | 0.68 (0.65, 0.70) | 0.67 (0.64, 0.70) | ||
| 35–39 | 0.69 (0.65, 0.71) | 0.67 (0.64, 0.70) | ||
| 40–44 | 0.63 (0.60, 0.66) | 0.63 (0.60, 0.66) | ||
| 45–49 | 0.66 (0.62, 0.69) | 0.65 (0.62, 0.68) | ||
| Educational status | ||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Primary | 0.40 (0.39, 0.42) | 0.44 (0.42, 0.46) | ||
| Secondary | 0.36 (0.35, 0.38) | 0.37 (0.36, 0.39) | ||
| Higher | 0.27 (0.26, 0.29) | 0.27 (0.26, 0.29) | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Working | 1.02(0.99, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Married | 0.94 (0.90, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96) | ||
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 0.69(0.66, 0.73) | 0.70 (0.66, 0.74) | ||
| Wealth status | ||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Poorer | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | 0.90 (0.87, 0.95) | ||
| Middle | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) | ||
| Richer | 0.75 (0.71, 0.80) | 0.65 (0.61, 0.69) | ||
| Richest | 0.63 (0.58, 0.67) | 0.49 (0.46, 0.53) | ||
| Sex of household head | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | ||
| Contraceptive use | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) | ||
| Media exposure | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | ||
| Comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.38 (0.37, 0.39) | 0.39 (0.38, 0.40) | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 1.30 (1.21, 1.39) | 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) | ||
| Region of Africa | ||||
| West Africa | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Central Africa | 0.50 (0.46, 0.55) | 0.53 (0.50, 0.56) | ||
| East Africa | 0.49 (0.46, 0.52) | 0.64 (0.61, 0.68) | ||
| Community-level of women literacy | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| High | 1.01(0.85, 1.19) | 0.84 (0.75, 1.01) | ||
| Community-level media exposure | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| High | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | ||