Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline
| Parameter | Ivabradine | Metoprolol | Difference | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 50) | (n = 54) | ||||
| Recipient data | |||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 49.9 ± 11.2 | 52.6 ± 10.2 | 2.7 years | − 1.6 to 7.0 years | 0.22 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 38 (76.0%) | 40 (74.1%) | 1.9% | − 14.7 to 18.5% | 0.82 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.8 ± 4.9 | 25.9 ± 4.4 | 1.1 kg/m2 | − 0.7 to 2.9 kg/m2 | 0.23 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 26 (52.0%) | 35 (64.8%) | 12.8% | − 6.0 to 31.6% | 0.18 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 29 (58.0%) | 33 (61.1%) | 3.1% | − 15.8 to 22.0% | 0.75 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 16 (32.0%) | 20 (37.0%) | 5.0% | − 13.2 to 23.2% | 0.59 |
| Renal insufficiencya, n (%) | 24 (48.0%) | 31 (57.4%) | 9.4% | − 9.7 to 28.5% | 0.34 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 63.4 ± 24.3 | 57.7 ± 20.2 | 5.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 | − 3.1 to 14.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 0.20 |
| Previous open-heart surgery | |||||
| Overall open-heart surgery, n (%) | 11 (22.0%) | 10 (18.5%) | 3.5% | − 12.0 to 19.0% | 0.66 |
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 3 (6.0%) | 5 (9.3%) | 3.3% | − 6.9 to 13.5% | 0.53 |
| Congenital, valvular or ventricular surgery, n (%) | 4 (8.0%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.6% | − 9.7 to 10.9% | 0.91 |
| VAD surgery, n (%) | 5 (10.0%) | 3 (5.6%) | 4.4% | − 5.9 to 14.7% | 0.40 |
| Principal diagnosis for HTX | |||||
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 14 (28.0%) | 22 (40.7%) | 12.7% | − 5.3 to 30.7% | 0.17 |
| Non-ischemic CMP, n (%) | 28 (56.0%) | 22 (40.7%) | 15.3% | − 3.7 to 34.3% | 0.12 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 2 (4.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2.1% | − 4.4 to 8.6% | 0.51 |
| Cardiac amyloidosis, n (%) | 6 (12.0%) | 9 (16.7%) | 4.7% | − 8.7 to 18.1% | 0.50 |
| Donor data | |||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 42.0 ± 14.6 | 47.2 ± 12.1 | 5.2 years | − 0.2 to 10.6 years | 0.06 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 12 (24.0%) | 18 (33.3%) | 9.3% | − 7.9 to 26.5% | 0.29 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 26.1 ± 5.1 | 1.7 kg/m2 | − 0.2 to 3.6 kg/m2 | 0.08 |
| Transplant sex mismatch | |||||
| Mismatch, n (%) | 31 (62.0%) | 24 (44.5%) | 17.5% | − 1.3 to 36.3% | 0.07 |
| Donor (m) to recipient (f), n (%) | 2 (4.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2.1% | − 4.4 to 8.6% | 0.51 |
| Donor (f) to recipient (m), n (%) | 29 (58.0%) | 23 (42.6%) | 15.4% | − 3.6 to 34.4% | 0.12 |
| Perioperative data | |||||
| Ischemic time (min), mean ± SD | 272.3 ± 52.1 | 256.6 ± 59.9 | 15.7 min | − 6.3 to 37.7% | 0.16 |
| Biatrial HTX, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.9% | − 1.7 to 5.5% | 0.33 |
| Bicaval HTX, n (%) | 24 (48.0%) | 19 (35.2%) | 12.8% | − 6.0 to 31.6% | 0.18 |
| Total orthotopic HTX, n (%) | 26 (52.0%) | 34 (62.9%) | 10.9% | − 8.0 to 29.8% | 0.26 |
| Length of initial hospital stay (days), mean ± SD | 43.9 ± 19.7 | 46.3 ± 19.0 | 2.4 days | − 5.2 to 10.0% | 0.54 |
CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CMP cardiomyopathy, f female, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HTX heart transplantation, m male, n = number, SD standard deviation, VAD ventricular assist device
aGlomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2