Table 1.
Comparison of major indicators of kidney care capacity in the four ISN regions of Asia
| ISN region | Population | Income level | Availability of ESKD treatment, HD/PD/KT (%) | Capacity of adequate HD provision | Government funding for KRT (compared to global average prevalence of 64%) | Prevalence of treated ESKD (median, pmp); compared to global average of 787 pmp | Registries for KRT (dialysis and KT)a | Nephrologists (mean, pmp) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North and East Asia (7 jurisdictions) | 1,620 million (participating jurisdictions cover 1,596 million population) | High: Hong Kong, Japan, Macao, South Korea, Taiwan | 100/100/100 | 100% of countries could provide adequate frequency and duration of HD and PD | All | 2,599 | 100% | 19.5 |
| Upper-middle: Mainland China | ||||||||
| Lower-middle: Mongolia | ||||||||
| Low: North Korea | ||||||||
| Oceania and South East Asia (15 countries/jurisdictions) | 692 million (participating countries cover 681.3 million population) | High: Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, French and American territories of Pacific Island nations | 100/80/66.7 | 66.7% of countries had >50% patients with ESKD being able to access dialysis | 25% (Except Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore which have public funding, others depend on out-of-pocket expenditure) | 1,352 | 66.7% | 5.66 |
| Upper to lower-middle: all others | ||||||||
| South Asia (8 countries) | 1,750 million | High: none | 100/87.5/75 | 57% of countries could provide adequate frequency and duration of HD | Variable (6 countries give partial public funding, Bhutan has full public funding, and Afghanistan depends completely on out-of-pocket funding) | 51.25 (on chronic dialysis); not formally reported from registries | 37.5% | 1.2 |
| Upper-middle: Sri Lanka, Maldives | ||||||||
| Lower-middle: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan | ||||||||
| Low: Afghanistan, Nepal | ||||||||
| Middle East (11 countries) | 243.7 million (participating countries cover 213 million population) | High: 6 | 100/100/100 | 100% of the countries could provide adequate frequency of HD | 100% (Qatar: some fees at point of care) | 636 | 54.5% have dialysis registry and 73% have KT registry | 8.08 |
| Upper: 4 | ||||||||
| Lower-middle: 3 |
ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis; ISN, International Society of Nephrology; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; KT, kidney transplantation; PD, peritoneal dialysis; pmp, per million population.
a
Compared to global average of 57%-66%;
b
Compared to global median of 9.95 pmp.