TABLE I.
List of hydrogel materials used in bioprinting (classified based on crosslinking methods).
| Hydrogel | Fabrication method | Gelation method |
|---|---|---|
| Alginate63,133,134 | Laser-induced forward transfer | Ionic |
| Alginate135,136 | Inkjet | Ionic |
| Alginate/collagen type 1137 | Inkjet | Ionic |
| Collagen type 1138 | Inkjet | Thermal |
| Fibrinogen/ collagen type 1139 | Inkjet | Enzamatyc |
| Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate59 | Inkjet | Photo |
| Agar140,141 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Agarose142–145 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Alginate146–148 | Extrusion | Ionic |
| Alginate/fibrin141 | Extrusion | Ionic/enzymatic |
| Alginate/gelatin149 | Extrusion | Thermal/ionic/chemical |
| Collagen type 1150,151 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Collagen type1152 | Extrusion | pH (sodium bicarbonate) |
| Gelatin152 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Gelatin methacrylamide153 | Extrusion | Thermal/photo |
| Gelatin/alginate154 | Extrusion | Thermal/ionic |
| Gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen155 | Extrusion | Thermal/enzymatic/ionic/chemical |
| Gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen156 | Extrusion | Thermal/ionic/enzymatic |
| Gelatin/chitosan157 | Extrusion | Ionic/chemical |
| Gelatin/chitosan158 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Gelatin/fibrinogen159 | Extrusion | Enzymatic |
| Gelatin methacrylamide/hyaluronic acid153 | Extrusion | Thermal/photo |
| Gelatin methacrylamide/gellan160 | Extrusion | Ionic/thermal/photo |
| Matrigel161 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| N-isopropylamide and polyethylene glycol162 | Extrusion | Thermal |
| Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate143 | Extrusion | Photo |