Table 1.
Chemical composition and mode of use of the materials used in the study
| Material | Composition | Procedure |
|---|---|---|
| iBond Universal Adhesive (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany. LOT: K010028) | MDP, 4-META, methacrylates, acetone, water | Drop the adhesive into the mixing well and use within 3 min. Gently rub adhesive onto the entire dental surface for 20 s. Carefully air-dry with an oil-free air flow until the adhesive film no longer moves. The surface must be visibly glossy. Polymerize for 10 s (wavelength of 440–480 nm; light output: > 550 mW/cm2) |
| iBond Ceramic Primer (Heraeus Kulzer. LOT: K010101) | Isopropanol/acetone-based solution of methacrylate monomers and silane | Measure out the desired drops of solution into the mixing well. Brush the whole surface to be treated without delay and allow to dry for 20 s. Dry briefly with an oil-free air-flow |
| Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer; Shade: A2; LOT: K010069) | Light-curing, radiopaque nanocomposite. Barium aluminum boro fluorosilicate glass, TCD-urethane acrylate, silica, UDMA, TEGDMA, titanium dioxide, fluorescent pigments, metallic oxide pigments, organic pigments, aminobenzoic acid ester, camphoroquinone | Apply the material in thin layer (max 2 mm) and adapt to the cavity walls. Polymerize (wavelength of 440–480 nm; light output: > 550 mW/cm2) |
| RelyX Ultimate (3 M, St Paul, MN, USA; Shade: A1; LOT: 669,768) | Base paste: methacrylates monomers, radiopaque silanated fillers, initiator components, stabilizers, rheological additives. Catalyst paste: methacrylate monomers, radiopaque alkaline basic fillers, stabilizers, pigments, rheological additives, fluorescence dye, dark cure activator | For each application, a new mixing tip was used. Dispense the cement from the automix syringe and apply the desired quantity directly to the restoration. Excess were removed while seating in place the restoration |
| Variolink Esthetic DC (Ivoclar Vivadent; Shade: Neutral; LOT: W88206) | Monomer matrix: urethane dimethacrylate and further methacrylate monomers. Inorganic filler: ytterbium trifluoride and spheroid mixed oxide, initiators, stabilizers and pigments | For each application, a new mixing tip was adopted. Dispense the cement from the automix syringe and apply the desired quantity directly to the restoration. Seat the restoration and remove all the excess of the luting material |
MDP methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate. 4-META 4-methacryloyloxyethy trimellitate anhydride. UDMA urethane dimethacrylate. TEGDMA triethylene glycol dimethacrylate