Table 1.

Gibbs energy of binding of SARS-CoV-2 strains. The values of the binding constant, K_B, and Gibbs energy of binding, Δ_BG, values were calculated using K_D values from the literature. Mutations led to increase in binding affinity and decrease in Gibbs energy of binding, implying greater spontaneity of binding of mutated strains. More negative Gibbs energy makes the process of antigen-receptor binding more favorable. The values have been calculated at 37⁰C (310.15 K).

Date of isolation	PANGO lineage	WHO label	First outbreak	Mutations	KD (M)	Reference	KB (M − 1)	ΔbG (kJ/mol)
Dec-19	Hu-1	Wild type	Wuhan	Wild type	2.13E-08	Augusto et al., 2021	4.69E+07	−45.55
Dec-19	Hu-1	Wild type	Wuhan	Wild type	4.03E-07	Ramanathan et al., 2021	2.48E+06	−37.97
26-Jan-21	B.1.1.7	Alpha	United Kingdom		8.76E-08	Ramanathan et al., 2021	1.14E+07	−41.90
May-20	B.1.351	Beta	South Africa		2.04E-07	Ramanathan et al., 2021	4.90E+06	−39.72
May-20	B.1.351 and P.1	Beta and Gamma	South Africa and Brazil	E484K	1.97E-08	Augusto et al., 2021	5.08E+07	−45.75
	B.1.36	/	India, Canada, and UK	N440K	9.90E-09	Augusto et al., 2021	1.01E+08	−47.53
10/1/2020	B.1.617	Delta	India	L452R/E484Q	4.60E-09	Augusto et al., 2021	2.17E+08	−49.50
Dec-19	Hu-1	Wild type	Wuhan	WT	6.26E-08	Barton et al., 2021	1.60E+07	−42.77
18-Dec-20	B.1.1.7	Alpha	United Kingdom	N501Y (Alpha)	5.5E-09	Barton et al., 2021	1.82E+08	−49.04
26-Jan-21	B.1.1.7	Alpha	United Kingdom	E484K/N501Y (UK2)	3.7E-09	Barton et al., 2021	2.70E+08	−50.06
14-Jan-21	B.1.351	Beta	South Africa	K417N	3.49E-07	Barton et al., 2021	2.87E+06	−38.34
14-Jan-21	B.1.351	Beta	South Africa	K417N/E484K	2.51E-07	Barton et al., 2021	3.98E+06	−39.19
14-Jan-21	B.1.351	Beta	South Africa	K417N/E484K/N501Y (Beta)	1.74E-08	Barton et al., 2021	5.75E+07	−46.07
Nov-20	P.1	Gamma	Brazil	K417T	2.26E-07	Barton et al., 2021	4.42E+06	−39.46
Nov-20	P.1	Gamma	Brazil	K417T/E484K	1.47E-07	Barton et al., 2021	6.80E+06	−40.57
Nov-20	P.1	Gamma	Brazil	K417T/E484K/N501Y (Gamma)	1.22E-08	Barton et al., 2021	8.20E+07	−46.99