Table 1.

Summary of the baseline characteristics and outcomes in each included study.

Study	Country	Database	Study period	Type of study	Patient sample size	Females	No. of exposed	No. of current use	No. of past use	No. of high dose	No. of low dose	No. of non-exposed	Definition of exposed	Definition of high dose exposure	Definition of low dose exposure	Exposed with meningioma	Exposed with meningioma requiring neurosurgery/radiotherapy	High dose exposure and meningioma	Low dose exposure and meningioma	Non-exposed with meningioma	Location of CPA-associated meningioma breakdown
Cea-Soriano40	UK	The Health Improvement Network (THIN) UK primary care database	Jan 1996 to June 2008	Retrospective case–control study	10,745	7896	72	26	46	16	56	10,673	For females: all had ≥ 2 mg/day CPA in combination with estrogens; For males: all had ≥ 50 mg/day + recorded diagnosis of prostate cancer Exposure to drugs was classified as: (1) ‘current use’, where the most recent prescription lasted until the index date or ended in the year before the index date; (2) ‘past use’, when the most recent use was more than 1 year before the index date; and (3) ‘non-use’, when there was no recorded use of the drug at any point before the index date	Daily dose 50 mg or higher	All daily doses < 50 mg	8	NA	4	4	737	NA
Gil45	Spain	Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) database	Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 31, 2007	Retrospective cohort study	2,137,191	NA	24,712	NA	NA	2474	22,238	2,112,479	All patients receiving at least one high dose (50 mg) CPA prescription during their follow-up	Daily dose 50 mg or higher	All daily doses < 50 mg	4	NA	4	0	452	NA
Mikkelsen46	Denmark	Danish prescription register; National patient register, Cancer register	1997 to 2019	Retrospective cohort study	5,730,635	NA	1982	NA	NA	781	1201	5,728,653	Cumulative dose of CPA was summed during the follow-up and recipients were categorised into three exposure groups: no CPA, 0.1–10 g of CPA (obtained after the first prescription of CPA), > 10 g of CPA	> 10 g at end of follow-up	< 0.1–10 g at end of follow-up	16	NA	10	6	8940	NA
Weill37	France	French administrative health care database (SNDS)	2007 to 2014	Retrospective cohort study	253,777	253,777	139,222	NA	NA	NA	NA	1,145,555	Cumulative dose was greater than or equal to 3 g (at least three standard packs of 20, 50 mg tablets) within the first 6 months of this first prescription	NA	NA	69	NA	NA	NA	20	Anterior skull base, n = 190 (36.8%) Middle skull base, n = 130 (25.2%) Posterior skull base, n = 20 (3.9%) Convexity, not involving dural venous sinuses, n = 107 (20.7%) Convexity, involving dural venous sinuses, n = 19 (3.7%) Falx and tentorium, n = 29 (5.6%)

NA not applicable.