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. 2022 Feb 4;12:1921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05637-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Various delays in US for CSopto conditioning. (a–f) Averaged PSTHs of the licking responses in conditioning with delays of Δt = − 1 s (a, n = 5 mice), Δt = − 0.5 s (b, n = 5 mice), Δt = + 0 s (c, n = 5 mice), Δt = + 0.5 s (d, n = 6 mice), Δt = + 1 s (e, n = 10 mice), and Δt = + 2 s (f, n = 5 mice) during 161–200 trials. (e) is the same plot as the bottom trace of Fig. 4f. (g) Lick scores plotted against time course for each condition. (h) Time window for conditioning. Lick scores in test trials or eight trials during trials 161–200 were plotted against delays between the CS and US. Wilcoxon signed-rank test. *P < 0.05.