Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics, other substance use disorders, physical and psychiatric comorbidity
| Characteristic | OUD (n=1,978) | Non-OUD (n=3,224) | Total (N=5,202) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the end of follow-up (Death or 12/31/2014) | |||
| <30 | 324 (16.4) | 465 (14.4) | 789 (15.2) |
| 30–49 | 787 (39.8) | 1,248 (38.7) | 2035 (39.1) |
| 50–69 | 859 (43.4) | 1491 (46.2) | 2350 (45.2) |
| ≥70 | 8 (0.4) | 20 (0.6) | 28 (0.5) |
| Female | 815 (41.2) | 1,334 (41.4) | 2,149 (41.3) |
| Race/Ethnicity*** | |||
| Asian | 37 (1.9) | 156 (4.8) | 193 (3.7) |
| Black | 152 (7.7) | 279 (8.7) | 431 (8.3) |
| Hispanic | 64 (3.2) | 150 (4.7) | 214 (4.1) |
| Other | 174 (8.8) | 574 (17.8) | 748 (14.4) |
| White | 1,551 (78.4) | 2,065 (64.1) | 3,616 (69.5) |
| Insurance*** | |||
| Medicaid | 233 (11.8) | 190 (5.9) | 423 (8.1) |
| Medicare | 293 (14.8) | 424 (13.2) | 717 (32.6) |
| Private | 455 (23.0) | 1,239 (38.4) | 1,694 (32.6) |
| Self-pay | 997 (50.4) | 1,371 (42.5) | 2,368 (45.5) |
| Substance use disorder (ever diagnosed) | |||
| Alcohol*** | 503 (25.4) | 680 (21.1) | 1,183 (22.7) |
| Amphetamine*** | 238 (12.0) | 71 (2.2) | 309 (5.9) |
| Cannabis*** | 224 (11.3) | 151 (4.7) | 375 (7.2) |
| Cocaine*** | 259 (13.1) | 113 (3.5) | 372 (7.2) |
| Hallucinogen*** | 62 (3.1) | 15 (0.5) | 77 (1.5) |
| Tobacco*** | 402 (20.3) | 273 (8.5) | 675 (13.0) |
| Physical comorbidity (ever diagnosed) | |||
| Diabetes | 276 (14.0) | 444 (13.8) | 720 (13.8) |
| STD | 24 (1.2) | 40 (1.2) | 64 (1.2) |
| Cancer | 286 (14.5) | 468 (14.5) | 754 (14.5) |
| Heart disease | 1,104 (55.9) | 1,806 (56.0) | 2,910 (55.9) |
| Respiratory disease | 1,014 (51.3) | 1,725 (53.5) | 2,739 (52.7) |
| Liver disease | 404 (20.4) | 622 (19.3) | 1,026 (19.7) |
| Sleep disorder | 371 (18.8) | 666 (20.7) | 1,037 (19.9) |
| Chronic pain*** | 1,316 (66.5) | 1,818 (56.4) | 3,134 (60.3) |
| HIV* | 45 (2.3) | 45 (1.4) | 90 (1.7) |
| HCV*** | 439 (22.2) | 346 (10.7) | 785 (15.1) |
| Psychiatric comorbidity (ever diagnosed) | |||
| Any mental disorder*** | 1,360 (68.8) | 1,957 (60.7) | 3,317 (63.8) |
| Depression | 938 (47.4) | 1,510 (46.8) | 2,448 (47.1) |
| Anxiety*** | 710 (35.9) | 1,011 (31.4) | 1,721 (33.1) |
| Bipolar disorder*** | 265 (13.4) | 237 (7.4) | 502 (9.7) |
| Psychotic disorder** | 216 (10.9) | 265 (8.2) | 481 (9.3) |
| Other mental conditions*** | 713 (36.1) | 844 (26.2) | 1,557 (29.9) |
T-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables;
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001