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. 2021 Dec 24;11(3):571–591. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4468

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The multitude of effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been developed targeting molecular drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Targets include receptor/ligand pairs found on innate immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells (e.g. programmed death cell protein 1 [PD‐1]), adaptive immune cells including T‐cells (e.g. PD‐1, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 [CTLA‐4]), and those found on tumour cells themselves (e.g. PD‐L1).