Table 2.
Summary of the characteristics of the included studies
| Characteristics | Studies n (%) |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | |
| 2000–2004 | 1 (3.2) |
| 2005–2008 | 0 (0) |
| 2009–2012 | 7 (22.6) |
| 2013–2016 | 8 (25.8) |
| 2017–2020 | 12 (38.7) |
| From January to May 2021 | 3 (9.7) |
| Type of data collected | |
| Quantitative | 23 (74.2) |
| Qualitative | 4 (12.9) |
| Quantitative and qualitative | 4 (12.9) |
| Categorisation of MMS studies (n = 24) | |
| Past harm | 12 (38.7)* |
| Reliability of safety critical processes | 4 (12.9) |
| Sensitivity to operations | 4 (12.9) |
| Anticipation and preparedness | 9 (29.0) |
| Integration and learning | 2 (6.5) |
| Categorisation of intervention studies (n = 6) | |
| Forcing functions | 0 (0) |
| Automation and computerisation | 0 (0) |
| Simplification and standardisation | 2 (6.5) |
| Reminders, checklists, and double checks | 1 (3.2) |
| Rules and policies | 0 (0) |
| Education and training | 3 (9.7) |
| Other types of study (n = 1) | |
| Intervention development study | 1 (3.2) |
*These figures do not total to 24 because some of the studies related to more than one dimension of the MMS framework (3, 13)