Table 3. Associations of Velocities of Weight, Length or Height, and BMI Gain in Early Infancy, Late Infancy, and Early Childhood With Pubertal Onset in Girls.

	Age at peak height velocity, y, β (95% CI)a,b	Hazard ratio (95% CI)b
		Risk of earlier time to puberty score >1a	Risk of earlier time to pubic hair stage >1a	Risk of earlier time to menarchea
Velocity of weight gain
Early infancy	0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04)	0.99 (0.93 to 1.05)	1.03 (0.99 to 1.08)	0.92 (0.83 to 1.01)
Late infancy	0.02 (−0.003 to 0.04)	1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)	1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)	1.07 (0.99 to 1.05)
Early childhood	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)	1.01 (0.96 to 1.06)	1.04 (1.01 to 1.07)	1.07 (0.94 to 1.21)
Velocity of length or height gain
Early infancy	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)	0.99 (0.94 to 1.04)	1.05 (1.00 to 1.10)	0.90 (0.84 to 1.00)
Late infancy	0.04 (0.02 to 0.06)	0.99 (0.97 to 1.02)	1.00 (0.96 to 1.05)	0.89 (0.82 to 1.00)
Early childhood	−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00)	1.01 (0.99 to 1.04)	1.02 (0.98 to 1.07)	1.02 (0.93 to 1.12)
Velocity of BMI gain
Early infancy	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)	1.02 (0.99 to 1.04)	0.99 (0.96 to 1.01)	1.01 (0.94 to 1.08)
Late infancy	0.001 (−0.02 to 0.03)	1.02 (0.99 to 1.04)	1.00 (0.95 to 1.06)	1.14 (1.05 to 1.24)
Early childhood	−0.002 (−0.02 to 0.02)	0.98 (0.96 to 1.00)	1.04 (1.01 to 1.07)	0.99 (0.89 to 1.11)

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).

^a Adjusted for child’s birth year, race, and Hispanic ethnicity and maternal age at delivery; educational level during pregnancy; annual household income during pregnancy; prenatal cigarette smoking; whether mother was nulliparous; whether mother had gestational diabetes, hypertension, or preeclampsia; mode of delivery; prepregnancy BMI; gestational weight gain; and gestational age at delivery.

^b All effect estimates reflect a 1-SD increase in velocities of weight, length or height, or BMI gain.