Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies reporting on accuracy (N=57).
| First author, year | Setting | FUPa time, days | Sample, n | Age (years), mean (SD) | Female, % | Underlying health condition | Outcome | Device brand and model |
| Alharbi [11], 2016 | Laboratory | <1 | 48 | 66 (7) | 48 | Patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation | Step count and MVPAb | Fitbit Flex |
| Alsubheen [12], 2016 | Field | 5 | 13 | 40 (12) | 38 | Healthy | Step count and energy expenditure | Garmin Vivofit |
| An [13], 2017 | Laboratory and field | 1 | 35 | 31 (12) | 51 | Healthy | Step count | Fitbit Flex, Garmin Vivofit, Polar Loop, Basis B1 Band, Misfit Shine, Jawbone UP24, and Nike FuelBand SE |
| An [14], 2017 | Field | <1 | 62 | 24 (5) | 40 | Healthy | Active time | ActiGraph GT3X |
| Blondeel [15], 2018 | Field | 14 | 8 | 65 (8) | 25 | COPDc | Step count | Fitbit Alta |
| Boeselt [16], 2016 | Field | 3 | 20 | 66 (7) | 15 | COPD | Step count, energy expenditure, and MVPA | Polar A300 |
| Bruder [17], 2018 | Laboratory and field | 395 | 32 | —d | — | Rehabilitation after radial fracture | Activity count | ActivPAL |
| Bulathsinghala [18], 2014 | Laboratory | 1 | 20 | 70 (10) | — | COPD | Physical activity intensity | ActiGraph GT3X+ |
| Burton [19], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 31 | 74 (6) | 65 | Healthy older adults | Step count | Fitbit Flex and Fitbit Charge HR |
| Choi [20], 2010 | Laboratory | <1 | 76 | 13 (2) | 62 | Healthy | Energy expenditure | ActiGraph GT1M |
| Chow [21], 2017 | Laboratory | 1.5 | 31 | 24 (5) | 39 | Healthy | Step count | ActiGraph wGT3xBT-BT, Fitbit Flex, Fitbit Charge HR, and Jawbone UP24 |
| Chowdhury [22], 2017 | Laboratory and field | 2 | 30 | 27 (6) | 50 | Healthy | Energy expenditure | Microsoft Band; Apple Watch, series not specified; Jawbone Up24; and Fitbit Charge |
| Cohen [23], 2010 | Laboratory and field | 3 | 57 | 70 (10) | — | COPD | Speed | ActiGraph Mini Motionlogger |
| Compagnat [24], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 46 | 65 (13) | — | Stroke | Energy expenditure | ActiGraph GT3X+ |
| Dondzila [25], 2018 | Laboratory and field | 3-62 | 40 | 22 (2) | 58 | Healthy | Step count, energy expenditure, and heart rate | Fitbit Charge HR and Mio Fuse |
| Dooley [26], 2017 | Laboratory | 1 | 62 | 23 (4) | 58 | Healthy | Heart rate and energy expenditure | Apple Watch, series not specified; Fitbit Charge HR; and Garmin Forerunner 225 |
| Durkalec-Michalski [27], 2013 | Laboratory | 2 | 20 | 26 (5) | 55 | Healthy | Energy expenditure | ActiGraph GT1M |
| Falgoust [28], 2018 | Laboratory | 1 | 30 | — | — | Healthy | Step count | Fitbit Charge HR, Fitbit Surge, and Garmin Vivoactive HR |
| Ferguson [29], 2015 | Field | 2 | 21 | 33 (10) | 52 | Healthy | Step count, MVPA, and energy expenditure | Nike FuelBand, Misfit Shine, and Jawbone UP |
| Gaz [30], 2018 | Laboratory and field | <1 | 32 | 36 (8) | 69 | Healthy | Step count and distance | Fitbit Charge HR; Apple Watch, series not specified; Garmin Vivofit 2; and Jawbone UP2 |
| Gillinov [31], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 50 | 38 (12) | 54 | Healthy | Heart rate | Garmin Forerunner 235; TomTom Spark; Apple Watch, series not specified; and Fitbit Blaze |
| Gironda [32], 2007 | Laboratory | <1 | 3 | 43e | 31 | Pain syndromes | Activity count | Actiwatch Score |
| Hargens [33], 2017 | Laboratory and field | 7 | 21 | 31e | 68 | Healthy | MVPA, energy expenditure, and step count | Fitbit Charge |
| Hernandez-Vicente [34], 2016 | Field | 7 | 18 | 21 (1) | 50 | Healthy | Energy expenditure, vigorous active time, active time, and step count | Polar V800 |
| Huang [35], 2016 | Laboratory | 1 | 40 | 24 (3) | 25 | Healthy | Step count and distance | Jawbone UP24, Garmin Vivofit, Fitbit Flex, and Nike FuelBand |
| Imboden [36], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 30 | 49 (19) | 50 | Healthy | Energy expenditure, MVPA, and step count | Fitbit Flex, Jawbone Up24, and Fitbit Flex |
| Jo [37], 2016 | Laboratory | <1 | 24 | 25e | 50 | Healthy | Heart rate | Basis Peak K and Fitbit Charge |
| Jones [38], 2018 | Laboratory | 118 | 30 | 33e | — | Healthy | Step count | Fitbit Flex |
| Kaewkannate [39], 2016 | Laboratory | <1 | 7 | 31 (0) | 14 | Healthy | Step count | Fitbit Flex, Jawbone UP24, Withings Pulse, and Misfit Shine |
| Lamont [40], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 33 | 67 (8) | 64 | Parkinson disease | Step count | Garmin Vivosmart HR and Fitbit Charge HR |
| Lauritzen [41], 2013 | Laboratory and field | <1 | 18 | — | 56 | Older adults | Step count | Fitbit Ultra |
| Lawinger [42], 2015 | Laboratory | <1 | 30 | 26 (6) | 70 | Healthy | Activity count | ActiGraph GT3X+ |
| Lemmens [43], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 40 | 31 (5) | 100 | Parkinson disease | Energy expenditure | Philips optical heart rate monitor |
| Magistro [44], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 40 | 74 (7) | 60 | Healthy | Step count | ADAMO Care Watch |
| Mandigout [45], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 24 | 68 (14) | 60 | Stroke | Energy expenditure | Actical and ActiGraph GTX |
| Manning [46], 2016 | Laboratory | <1 | 9 | 15 (1) | — | Severe obesity | Step count | Fitbit One, Fitbit Flex, Fitbit Zip, ActiGraph GT3x+, and Jawbone UP |
| Montoye [47], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 30 | 24 (1) | 47 | Healthy | Step count, energy expenditure, and heart rate | Fitbit Charge HR |
| Powierza [48], 2017 | Field | <1 | 22 | 22 (2) | 55 | Healthy | Heart rate | Fitbit Charge |
| Price [49], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 14 | 23e | 21 | Healthy | Energy expenditure | Fitbit One, Garmin Vivofit, and Jawbone UP |
| Redenius [50], 2019 | Laboratory | 4 | 65 | 42 (12) | 72 | Healthy | MVPA | Fitbit Flex |
| Reid [51], 2017 | Field | 4 | 22 | 21 (2) | 100 | Healthy | MVPA and step count | Fitbit Flex |
| Roos [52], 2017 | Laboratory | 2 | 20 | 24 (2) | 40 | Runners | Energy expenditure | Suunto Ambit, Garmin Forerunner 920XT, and Polar V800 |
| Schaffer [53], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 24 | 54 (13) | 42 | Stroke | Step count | Garmin Vivofit |
| Scott [54], 2017 | Field | 7 | 89 | — | 54 | Healthy | Daily mean activity and MVPA | GENEActiv |
| Semanik [55], 2020 | Laboratory | 7 | 35 | 52e | 69 | Chronic joint pain | MVPA | Fitbit Flex |
| Sirard [56], 2017 | Laboratory and field | 7 | 14 | 9 (2) | 50 | Healthy | Energy expenditure, MVPA, and step count | Movband and Sqord |
| St-Laurent [57], 2018 | Laboratory | 7 | 16 | 33 (4) | 100 | Pregnant | Step count and MVPA | Fitbit Flex |
| Stackpool [58], 2013 | Laboratory | <1 | 20 | 22 (1) | 50 | Healthy | Step count and energy expenditure | Jawbone UP, Nike FuelBand, Fitbit Ultra, and Adidas miCoach |
| Stiles [59], 2013 | Laboratory | 1 | 10e | 39 (6) | 100 | Healthy premenopausal women | Loading rate (BWf/s) | GENEActiv and ActiGraph GT3X+ |
| Støve [60], 2019 | Laboratory | <1 | 29 | 29 (9) | 41 | Healthy | Heart rate | Garmin Forerunner |
| Tam [61], 2018 | Laboratory | <1 | 30 | 32 (9) | 50 | Healthy | Step count | Fitbit Charge HR and Xiaomi Mi Band 2 |
| Thomson [62], 2019 | Laboratory | <1 | 30 | 24 (3) | 50 | Healthy | Heart rate | Apple Watch, series not specified; and Fitbit Charge HR2 |
| Wahl [63], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 20 | 25 (3) | 50 | Healthy | Step count, energy expenditure, and distance | Polar Loop, Beurer AS80, Fitbit Charge HR, Fitbit Charge, Bodymedia Sensewear, Garmin Vivofit, Garmin Vivosmart, Garmin Vivoactive, Garmin Forerunner 920XT, Xiaomi Mi Band, and Withings Pulse |
| Wallen [64], 2016 | Laboratory | <1 | 22 | 24 (6) | 50 | Healthy | Heart rate, energy expenditure, and step count | Apple Watch, series not specified; Samsung Gear S; Mio Alpha; and Fitbit Charge |
| Wang [65], 2017 | Laboratory | <1 | 9 | 22 (1) | 44 | Healthy | Step count | Huawei B1, Xiaomi Mi Band, Fitbit Charge, Polar Loop, Garmin Vivofit 2, Misfit Shine, and Jawbone UP |
| Woodman, 2017 [66] | Laboratory | <1 | 28 | 25 (4) | 29 | Healthy | Energy expenditure | Garmin Vivofit, Withings Pulse, and Basis Peak |
| Zhang [67], 2012 | Laboratory | 1 | 60 | 49 (7) | 62 | Healthy | Activity classification (sedentary, household, walking, and running) | GENEActiv |
aFUP: follow-up.
bMVPA: moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity.
cCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
dNot available.
eSD not reported.
fBW: body weight.