Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies (N=8).
| Study | Country | Setting | Design | Participants | Age (years), mean (SD) | Comparator | Outcomes | |
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PAa (measurement) | BWb or BMI |
| van Wier et al [28] | Netherlands | 7 companies (ITc, hospitals, insurance, bank, and police force) | 3-arm RCTd; IGe1: phone group; IG2: email group; CGf: control group | 1386g; 929 (67.02%) male participants, 457 (32.97%) female participants; IG1 (n=462, 33.33%); IG2 (n=464, 33.47%); CG (n=460, 33.19%) | IG1: 43 (8.8); IG2: 43 (8.4); CG: 43 (8.7) | Printed materials | METh minutes per week (SRi: SQUASHj) | BW |
| Kim et al [25] | United States | 43 companies and 13 community organizations | 2-arm RCT | 2470; IG (n=1279, 51.78%): 238 (18.6%) male participants, 1041 (81.39%) female participants; CG (n=1191, 48.22%): 246 (20.73%) male participants, 945 (79.34%) female participants | IG: 43.5 (10.3); CG: 43.6 (10.1) | Printed materials | Time of mild, moderate, and vigorous PA (SR: minutes per day) | BW |
| Júdice et al [23] | Portugal | Academic and administrative sectors of the university and others | Crossover RCT | 10; 5 (50%) male participants, 5 (50%) female participants; IG (n=5, 50%); CG (n=5, 50%) | 50.4 (11.5) | Usual care | Time of sitting and standing, walking time (hours per day), number of steps, and sitting time (OBk: ActivPAL) | N/Al |
| Kim et al [24] | Korea | 3 public institutions | 2-arm RCT | 205 (n=196, 95.6% for analysis); 100% (196/196) male participants; IG (n=101, 51.5%); CG (n=95, 48.5%) | IG: 41.02 (6.82); CG: 41.55 (6.98) | Printed materials and face-to-face counseling | MET minutes per week (SR: IPAQm) | BW |
| Brakenridge et al [22] | United States | An international property and infrastructure company | Cluster RCT | 153; 83 (54.2%) male participants, 70 (45.8%) female participants; IG (n=66, 43.1%); CG (n=87, 56.9%) | IG: 37.6 (7.8); CG: 40 (8) | Organizational support | Time of sitting and standing, walking time, and number of steps (OB: ActivPAL) | N/A |
| Simons et al [27] | Belgium | 29 workplaces (shops, retail stores, catering industry, social employment businesses, factories, etc) | 2-arm RCT | 130; 63 (48.5%) male participants, 67 (51.5%) female participants; IG (n=60, 46.2%); CG (n=70, 53.8%) | IG: 24.8 (3.1); CG: 25.1 (3) | Printed materials | Time of light, moderate, and vigorous PA; MVPAn and total PA (OB: GT3X and accelerometers); occupational, household, recreational, active transport, and total PA (SR: IPAQ), and number of steps (OB: Fitbit Charge) | BMI |
| Viester et al [29] | Netherlands | A construction company | 2-arm RCT | 314; 100% (314/314) male participants; IG (n=162, 51.6%); CG (n=152, 48.4%) | IG: 46.3 (9.9); CG: 47 (9.5) | Usual care | Time of leisure-time MVPA (SR: SQUASH) | BW |
| Rollo and Prapavessis [26] | Canada | Large businesses, office spaces, and universities | 2-arm RCT | 60; 5 (8%) male participants, 55 (92%) female participants; IG (n=29, 48%); CG (n=31, 52%) | IG: 46.59 (11.13); CG: 43.87 (11.54) | Usual care | Time of sitting and standing, walking time, and stretching (SR: OSPAQo) | N/A |
aPA: physical activity.
bBW: body weight.
cIT: information technology.
dRCT: randomized controlled trial.
eIG: intervention group.
fCG: control group.
gIncluded overweight employees.
hMET: metabolic equivalent task.
iSR: self-reported.
jSQUASH: Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity.
kOB: objective.
lN/A: not applicable.
mIPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
nMVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity.
oOSPAQ: Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire.