Table 4.
The estimated effect of county-level SDoH on the opioid death rate across two specifications
| Coefficient | Robust Standard Error | Coefficient | Robust Standard Error | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | |||
| Socio-economic context | ||||
| ACS_PCT_FEMALE | -2.97943* | 1.520326 | -0.1038778 | 1.38789 |
| ACS_MEDIAN_AGE | -1.561816 | 1.06467 | -1.818271** | 0.9173134 |
| ACS_PCT_BLACK | -0.0260737 | 0.6232132 | -0.8427783 | 0.6334552 |
| ACS_PCT_WHITE | -0.0427271 | 0.1831953 | 0.0736518 | 0.1366791 |
| ACS_PCT_HISPAN | -0.8499315 | 0.547428 | -0.7622937* | 0.4591811 |
| ACS_PCT_ASIAN | -0.7129578 | 0.7763505 | -0.3583486 | 0.700493 |
| ACS_PCT_BACHELOR_DGR | 0.828501 | 0.7093535 | -0.0352932 | 0.6007481 |
| ACS_MEDIAN_HH_INCOME | -0.0002196 | 0.0002075 | -0.0002722* | 0.0001616 |
| ACS_PCT_PERSON_INC99 | 0.9581279*** | 0.3668685 | 0.3505055 | 0.3763996 |
| ACS_PCT_UNEMPLOY | 0.2896208 | 0.4403138 | -1.001564 | 0.6353915 |
| ACS_PCT_GRP_QRT | 0.2479495 | 1.175182 | 0.3511598 | 0.9632748 |
| ACS_PCT_VA | -1.593724* | 0.8986767 | -1.352879* | 0.8021658 |
| ACS_PCT_ARMED_FORCES | 1.086618 | 0.6898298 | -0.6789627 | 0.4940171 |
| Healthcare context | ||||
| AHRF_FED_HLTH_CNT | 0.0510922 | 0.0335136 | 0.0419603 | 0.0328061 |
| AHRF_RURAL_H_CLINIC | -0.0076559 | 0.3444708 | 0.3126213 | 0.226519 |
| Physical infrastructure context | ||||
| ACS_TOTAL_HOUSEHOLD | 0.0000531 | 0.0000475 | 0.0000125 | 0.0000367 |
| ACS_PCT_RENTED_HH | -0.1175498 | 0.3768721 | -0.2319311 | 0.3980847 |
| ACS_PCT_MOBILE_HOME | 1.157881* | 0.5888022 | 0.9330352 | 0.6705346 |
| County Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | ||
| Year Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | ||
| State-by-Year Fixed Effects | No | Yes | ||
Note: *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Robust standard errors clustered at the county level