Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Trial	EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF	SOLOIST-WHF	EMPULSE trial
Year	2020	2021	2021
SGLT2 inhibitor agent	Empagliflozin	Sotagliflozin	Empagliflozin
Type of patients	Patients with acute heart failure regardless of diabetes status	Patients with acute heart failure and type 2 diabetes	Patients with acute heart failure regardless of diabetes status
Participants (N)	79	1,222	530
SGLT2 inhibitor group (N)	40	608	265
Placebo group (N)	39	614	265
Age, years (mean)	76	69	71
Women (%)	33%	34%	33%
Race	Empagliflozin group had 100% Whites, whereas placebo group had 95% Whites and 5% others	Sotagliflozin group had 93.3% Whites, 4.1% Blacks, and 1.3% Asians, whereas placebo group had 93.2% Whites, 4.1% Blacks, and 1.1% Asians	Not reported in the American Heart Association 2021 presentation
Diabetes	Empagliflozin group: 38% Placebo group: 28%	100% in both groups	Empagliflozin group: 46.8% Placebo group: 43.8%
Hypertension	Empagliflozin group: 68% Placebo group: 56%	Not reported	Empagliflozin group: 77.4% Placebo group: 83.4%
Myocardial infarction	Empagliflozin group: 30% Placebo group: 38%	Not reported	Empagliflozin group: 24.9% Placebo group: 23.4%
Beta-blocker use	Empagliflozin group: 70% Placebo group: 66%	Sotagliflozin group: 92.8% Placebo group: 91.4%	Not reported in the AHA presentation
ACEi use	Empagliflozin group: 40% Placebo group: 47%	Sotagliflozin group: 41.8% Placebo group: 39.3%	Not reported in the AHA presentation
ARB use	Empagliflozin group: 5% Placebo group: 3%	Sotagliflozin group: 40.3% Placebo group: 44%	Not reported in the AHA presentation
ARNI use	Empagliflozin group: 5% Placebo group: 3%	Sotagliflozin group: 15.3% Placebo group: 18.2%	Not reported in the AHA presentation
MRA use	Empagliflozin group: 48% Placebo group: 45%	Sotagliflozin group: 66.3% Placebo group: 62.7%	Not reported in the AHA presentation
Follow-up	60 days	9 months	90 days